World Species : Protected Area : Lahemaa

Lahemaa

Location:	Estonia
Area:	183,898 acres (74,421 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Sarmatic mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A	B		C			D					E		F

Share		75 %	25 %	80 %	15 %	5 %	40 %	25 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	55 %	45 %
Soil Type	Rendzic Leptosols	Haplic Podzols	Gleyic Podzols	Eutric Gleysols	Calcaric Regosols	Terric Histosols	Haplic Podzols	Cambic Podzols	Fibric Histosols	Eutric Gleysols	Gleyic Podzols	Terric Histosols	Eutric Gleysols	Fibric Histosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Very poor	Poor	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 m	15 m	75 m	50 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	150 m	75 m	15 m	150 m	75 m	150 m
Phase 1	Petrocalcic	Gravelly	Gravelly	Petrocalcic	Petrocalcic		Gravelly	Gravelly		Gravelly	Gravelly		Petrocalcic
Phase 2	Stony			Stony	Stony
Root Obstacle		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month	Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	16 %	3 %	2 %	4 %	14 %	28 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	10 %	2 %	28 %	4 %	1 %
Sand	37 %	87 %	86 %	37 %	44 %	35 %	87 %	85 %	20 %	78 %	86 %	35 %	37 %	20 %
Silt	44 %	9 %	10 %	40 %	35 %	33 %	9 %	10 %	40 %	13 %	10 %	33 %	40 %	40 %
Clay	19 %	4 %	4 %	23 %	21 %	32 %	4 %	5 %	40 %	9 %	4 %	32 %	23 %	40 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	0.28 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.13 %	2.18 %	1.97 %	1.07 %	0.75 %	39.4 %	2.18 %	2.02 %	33.63 %	0.57 %	1.97 %	39.4 %	1.07 %	33.63 %
PH	7.5	4.4	4.4	6.2	8	5.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	6.3	4.4	5.6	6.2	4.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	80 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	101 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	27 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	87 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	11 %	18 %	88 %	100 %	75 %	11 %	17 %	62 %	74 %	18 %	75 %	88 %	62 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹	59.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	31.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	6 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		4 %	3 %	5 %	18 %	5 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	20 %	3 %	5 %	5 %	2 %
Sand		88 %	85 %	36 %	40 %	52 %	88 %	86 %	47 %	64 %	85 %	52 %	36 %	47 %
Silt		8 %	10 %	36 %	35 %	23 %	8 %	10 %	26 %	13 %	10 %	23 %	36 %	26 %
Clay		4 %	5 %	28 %	25 %	25 %	4 %	4 %	27 %	23 %	5 %	25 %	28 %	27 %
USDA Texture		Sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.74 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.51 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	0.18 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	0.1 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.39 %	0.91 %	0.37 %	0.47 %	38.46 %	0.39 %	0.51 %	32.89 %	0.3 %	0.91 %	38.46 %	0.37 %	32.89 %
PH		5	4.9	6.6	8.1	5.8	5	4.8	4.6	6.4	4.9	5.8	6.6	4.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		66 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		2 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	88 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		21 %	21 %	90 %	100 %	96 %	21 %	21 %	40 %	81 %	21 %	96 %	90 %	40 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.7 cmol kg⁻¹	81.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0 %	0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	0 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263