Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Gaviiformes > Gaviidae > Gavia > Gavia immer

Gavia immer (Great Northern Loon; Common Loon)

Synonyms: Colymbus glacialis; Colymbus immer (homotypic); Colymbus spec; Gavia immer immer
Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The common loon (Gavia immer) is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds. The species is known as the great northern diver in Eurasia; another former name, great northern loon, was a compromise proposed by the International Ornithological Committee.
View Wikipedia Record: Gavia immer

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
10
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
36
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 20.9427
EDGE Score: 3.08843
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Clutch Size [8]  2
Clutches / Year [4]  1
Fledging [6]  75 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [3]  520,000
Incubation [4]  28 days
Mating System [9]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [4]  20 years
Migration [1]  Intercontinental
Water Biome [1]  Lakes and Ponds, Rivers and Streams, Coastal, Brackish Water
Wing Span [10]  4.494 feet (1.37 m)
Adult Weight [2]  10.979 lbs (4.98 kg)
Birth Weight [4]  94 grams
Female Weight [7]  9.921 lbs (4.50 kg)
Male Weight [7]  12.037 lbs (5.46 kg)
Weight Dimorphism [7]  21.3 %
Breeding Habitat [3]  Boreal forests, Temperate western forests
Wintering Geography [3]  Widespread U.S.
Wintering Habitat [3]  Coastal marine, Freshwater lakes and rivers
Diet [5]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Piscivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fish [5]  70 %
Diet - Invertibrates [5]  10 %
Diet - Plants [5]  20 %
Forages - Water Surface [5]  100 %
Female Maturity [4]  4 years
Male Maturity [4]  4 years

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

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Ecosystems

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Mediterranean Basin Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey No

Emblem of

Minnesota
Ontario

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Audio

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Provided by eNature via Myxer Author: Lang Elliot

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 2Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
♦ 3Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 4de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 5Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 6Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 7McIntyre, JW and JF Barr. 1997. Common Loon (Gavia immer). In A. Poole and F. Gill [eds.], The birds of North America, No. 313. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC
♦ 8Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 9Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 10British Trust for Ornithology
♦ 11del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 12Cirtwill, Alyssa R.; Eklöf, Anna (2018), Data from: Feeding environment and other traits shape species' roles in marine food webs, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1mv20r6
♦ 13National Geographic Magazine - May 2016 - Yellowstone - The Carnivore Comeback
♦ 14Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 15Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Audio software provided by SoundManager 2
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0