Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Phocidae > Phoca > Phoca vitulina

Phoca vitulina (Harbor Seal)

Synonyms: Callocephalus vitulina; Halichoerus antarcticus; Halicyon pealei
Language: French; Spanish

Infraspecies

Phoca vitulina mellonae (Harbor seal)
Phoca vitulina population
Phoca vitulina richardii (Harbor seal)
Phoca vitulina vitulina (Harbor seal)

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
2
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
18
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 6.11
EDGE Score: 1.96
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Gestation [2]  8 months 13 days
Litter Size [2]  1
Litters / Year [2]  1
Maximum Longevity [2]  48 years
Snout to Vent Length [4]  5.937 feet (181 cm)
Water Biome [1]  Coastal
Weaning [2]  30 days
Adult Weight [2]  253.533 lbs (115.00 kg)
Birth Weight [2]  24.251 lbs (11.00 kg)
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Piscivore
Diet - Fish [3]  80 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  20 %
Forages - Marine [3]  100 %
Female Maturity [2]  3 years
Male Maturity [2]  4 years

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (131)

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States No
Japan Japan No

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

+ Click for partial list (30)Full list (101)

Predators

Providers

Mutual (symbiont) 
Deropristis inflata[5]
Podocotyle atomon[5]
Profilicollis botulus[5]
Sacculina carcini[5]
Parasite of 
Trichinella spiralis (pork worm)[5]

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 2de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 6Szoboszlai AI, Thayer JA, Wood SA, Sydeman WJ, Koehn LE (2015) Forage species in predator diets: synthesis of data from the California Current. Ecological Informatics 29(1): 45-56. Szoboszlai AI, Thayer JA, Wood SA, Sydeman WJ, Koehn LE (2015) Data from: Forage species in predator diets: synthesis of data from the California Current. Dryad Digital Repository.
♦ 7The harbour seal Phoca vitulina as a predator in the Skagerrak. Haerkoenen, T | Heide-Joergensen, M-P, Ophelia. Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 191-207 1991
♦ 8CephBase - Cephalopod (Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish and Nautilus) Database
♦ 9Alaska Wildlife Notebook Series, Alaska Department of Fish and Game
♦ 10Diet of Pacific sleeper shark, Somniosus pacificus, in the Gulf of Alaska, Mei-Sun Yang and Benjamin N. Page, Fish. Bull. 97:406–409 (1999)
♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 12Nunn, C. L., and S. Altizer. 2005. The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An Online Resource for Infectious Disease Records in Wild Primates. Evolutionary Anthroplogy 14:1-2.
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0