Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Dipsacales > Caprifoliaceae > Linnaea > Linnaea borealisLinnaea borealis (AMERICAN TWINFLOWER; northern twinflower; twinflower)Synonyms: Linnaea albiloba; Linnaea americana (homotypic); Linnaea americana f. candicans; Linnaea amoenula; Linnaea australis; Linnaea borealis americana (homotypic); Linnaea borealis f. angustissima; Linnaea borealis f. arctica; Linnaea borealis f. candicans; Linnaea borealis f. curticalyx; Linnaea borealis f. insularis; Linnaea borealis f. integerrima; Linnaea borealis f. minutifolia; Linnaea borealis f. orientalis; Linnaea borealis longiflora (homotypic); Linnaea borealis var. americana; Linnaea borealis var. borealis; Linnaea borealis var. longiflora; Linnaea foveolata; Linnaea jugosa; Linnaea longiflora; Linnaea parvisignata; Linnaea pseudoproterantha; Linnaea pyrrosema; Linnaea roseoalba; Linnaea rotundata; Linnaea serpyllifolia; Linnaea subconfluens; Linnaea subjugosa; Linnaea subsulcata; Linnaea subviolascens; Linnaea sulcata; Linnaea tenuiflora; Linnaea tenuisignata; Linnaea tenuisulcata; Linnaea vicina; Obolaria borealis (homotypic) Linnaea is a plant genus which has often been classified in the family Caprifoliaceae (the Honeysuckle family) but may be more accurately considered to belong to its own family, Linnaeaceae. The genus includes a single, generally boreal to subarctic woodland subshrub species, Linnaea borealis, commonly known as twinflower (sometimes written twin flower). This plant was a favorite of Carl Linnaeus, founder of the modern system of binomial nomenclature, for whom it was named. |
Edible [1] | May be edible. See the Plants For A Future link below for details. | Flower Type [1] | Hermaphrodite | Leaf Type [1] | Evergreen | Lifespan [2] | Perennial | Pollinators [1] | Insects, Lepidoptera | Scent [1] | The flowers have an evening fragrance like that of the honeysuckle. | Structure [1] | Shrub | Usage [1] | The plant forms an extensive twiggy mat and is useful as a ground cover on peat beds and in rock gardens; Plants form a dense carpet when growing in god conditions, rooting as they spread, but otherwise the cover is sparse; Plants should be spaced about 60cm apart each way; |  | Height [1] | 8 inches (0.2 m) | Width [1] | 39 inches (1 m) |  | Light Preference [3] | Mixed Sun/Shade | Soil Acidity [3] | Very Acid | Soil Fertility [3] | Infertile | Soil Moisture [3] | Moist | View Plants For A Future Record : Linnaea borealis |
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Adamello Presanella |
|
69894 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Algonquin Provincial Park |
IV |
1868802 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Baikalskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
458883 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Bassegi Zapovednik |
Ia |
93739 |
Perm, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
218515 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
Bering Land Bridge National Preserve |
Ib |
2823882 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Bolshekhekhtsirsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
112282 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Bory Tucholskie |
|
797004 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Brenta |
|
73487 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Caenlochan |
|
12860 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Cairngorms |
|
142543 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands |
|
354692 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Cape Breton Highlands National Park |
II |
234333 |
Nova Scotia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve |
V |
619089 |
Jilin, China |
|
|
|
|
Coram Biosphere Reserve |
|
7460 |
Montana, United States |
|
|
|
|
Denali Biosphere Reserve |
|
1932364 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Dolina Dolnego Bugu |
|
183624 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Dolina Slupi |
|
92595 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Dorzecze Parsety |
|
68474 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Elk Island National Park |
II |
47171 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Forillon National Park |
II |
61010 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Fundy National Park |
II |
52716 |
New Brunswick, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Gates of the Arctic National Park |
Ib |
184461 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
591068 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Glen Tanar |
|
10329 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
II |
515454 |
North Carolina, Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
Gros Morne National Park |
II |
476632 |
Newfoundland, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve |
II |
366714 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Hubbard Brook Biosphere Reserve |
|
7809 |
New Hampshire, United States |
|
|
|
|
Isle Royale Biosphere Reserve |
Ib |
571799 |
Michigan, United States |
|
|
|
|
Ivvavik National Park |
II |
2382752 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Jezioro Lubie i Dolina Drawy |
|
37181 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Katmai National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
421782 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Katunsky Biosphere Reserve |
|
393162 |
Altai, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kejimkujik National Park |
II |
94203 |
Nova Scotia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Kluane National Park and Reserve National Park Reserve |
II |
5463436 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Kobuk Valley National Park |
Ib |
1576553 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Kouchibouguac National Park |
II |
59161 |
New Brunswick, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Kronotskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
361480 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
La Mauricie National Park |
II |
131706 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Lake Clark National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
386679 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area |
V |
103172 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lake Superior Provincial Park |
IV |
351011 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Lasy Ilawskie |
|
62316 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
LĂĽneburger Heide |
|
57541 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Magadansky Zapovednik |
|
2332834 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve |
II |
20461 |
Quebec, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Mont Avic e Mont Emilius |
|
77947 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Monte di Scerscen - Ghiacciai di Scerscen - Monte Motta |
|
23885 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Moray Firth |
|
373987 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Morrone Birkwood |
|
787 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Morven and Mullachdubh |
|
2265 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve |
|
293047 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Nahanni National Park Reserve |
II |
1309627 |
Northwest Territories, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve |
|
470167 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Noatak Biosphere Reserve |
|
7500143 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
North Pennine Moors |
|
254789 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
North York Moors |
|
108930 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
190748 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Augustowska |
|
264573 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Lidzbarska |
|
21911 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Nadbuzanska |
|
113759 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Slowinska |
|
79446 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Wielkopolska |
|
20824 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Wigierska |
|
39715 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Pacific Rim National Park Reserve |
II |
137900 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso |
|
175751 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio National Park |
V |
333737 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Prince Albert National Park |
II |
976762 |
Saskatchewan, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve |
IV |
12219 |
Moscow, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Pukaskwa National Park |
II |
459860 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Bialowieska |
|
156041 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Kampinoska Biosphere Reserve |
|
188373 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve |
|
277252 |
Saskatchewan, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Riding Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
762028 |
Manitoba, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Rocky Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
239938 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
San Juan Island National Historical Park |
III |
1674 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
|
Sandr Brdy |
|
18515 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
964620 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Sikhote-Alinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
978001 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve |
|
37548505 |
North Carolina, Tennessee, United States |
|
|
|
|
Stelvio |
|
39831 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Strathglass Complex |
|
58277 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Terra Nova National Park |
IV |
125894 |
Newfoundland, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
62630 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
2521510 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Uroczyska Puszczy Drawskiej |
|
183887 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ussuriysky Zapovednik |
Ia |
99910 |
Primorsky Krai , Russia |
|
|
|
|
Vuntut National Park |
II |
1076795 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Wapusk National Park |
II |
2614324 |
Manitoba, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Wind Cave National Park |
II |
29471 |
South Dakota, United States |
|
|
|
|
Winisk River Provincial Park |
II |
434735 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Wolin i Uznam |
|
76089 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Wood Buffalo National Park |
II |
11038545 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Woodland Caribou Provincial Wilderness Park Provincial Park |
II |
1072124 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve |
II |
2196863 |
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Zaleczanski Luk Warty |
|
23023 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Zalew Wislany i Mierzeja Wislana |
|
100974 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Plants For A Future licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License♦ 2PLANTATT - Attributes of British and Irish Plants: Status, Size, Life History, Geography and Habitats, M. O. Hill, C. D. Preston & D. B. Roy, Biological Records Centre, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (2004) ♦ 3ECOFACT 2a Technical Annex - Ellenberg’s indicator values for British Plants, M O Hill, J O Mountford, D B Roy & R G H Bunce (1999) ♦ 4Biological Records Centre Database of Insects and their Food Plants♦ 5Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. ScaleNet 4 November 2009 ♦ 6Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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