Diet Overlap

Turdus pilaris (Fieldfare)
Turdus iliacus (Redwing)

Common Diet

Crataegus heterophylla (Common Hawthorn)
Ilex aquifolium (English holly)
Juniperus phoenicea (Phoenician Juniper)
Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn)
Rhamnus cathartica (Hart's thorn)

Common Habitat

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve
Alburni
Alpár-bokrosi tisza-ártéri öblözet
Alpi Carniche
Alps conifer and mixed forests
Alsó-Tisza-völgy
Alte Valli Stura e Maira
Alto Garda Bresciano
Amudarya Zapovednik
AMVRAKIKOS KOLPOS, DELTA LOUROU KAI ARACHTHOU (PETRA, MYTIKAS, EVRYTERI PERIOCHI)
AMVRAKIKOS KOLPOS, LIMNOTHALASSA KATAFOURKO KAI KORAKONISIA
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
Appenine deciduous montane forests
Arabako Hegoaldeko Mendilerroak / Sierras Meridionales de Álava
Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve
Atlantic mixed forests
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
Azraq Wetland Reserve
Babia Góra National Park
Bacini ex-zuccherificio di Argelato e Golena del Fiume Reno
Badghyz Zapovednik
Baikalskiy Biosphere Reserve
Balkan mixed forests
Baltic mixed forests
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve
Basso Taro
Beigua - Turchino
Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve
Berezinskiy Zapovednik
Bialowieza National Park
Bideford Bay Biosphere Reserve
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Bentivoglio, S. Pietro in Casale, Malalbergo e Baricella
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Budrio e Minerbio
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Crevalcore
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Medicina e Molinella
Bocca di Caset
Boschi del Ticino
Bosco della Mesola, Bosco Panfilia, Bosco di Santa Giustina, Valle Falce, La Goara
Bosco di Castelvetere in Val Fortore
Bosco Fontana
Cabo Busto-Luanco
Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve
Cairnsmore of Fleet, Silver Flowe, and Merrick Kells
Caledon conifer forests
Cantabrian mixed forests
Carpathian montane forests
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
Caspian lowland desert
Caucasus
Caucasus mixed forests
Celtic broadleaf forests
Central Anatolian deciduous forests
Central Anatolian steppe
Central European mixed forests
CHERSONISOS SITHONIAS
Codru (Kodry) Zapovednik
Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
Costa Brava de Mallorca
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
Cyprus Mediterranean forests
Dana
Darvinsky Zapovednik
DELTA EVROU
DELTA EVROU KAI DYTIKOS VRACHIONAS
DELTA NESTOU KAI LIMNOTHALASSES KERAMOTIS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI KAI PARAKTIA ZONI
DELTA NESTOU KAI LIMNOTHALASSES KERAMOTIS KAI NISOS THASOPOULA
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Disgrazia - Sissone
DOÑANA
Durankulak Lake
Dyfi National Nature Reserve
East European forest steppe
East Siberian taiga
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
Eastern Beskid
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
Elburz Range forest steppe
Elimyssalon alue
English Lowlands beech forests
ETHNIKOS DRYMOS PRESPON
Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék
Fiume Po - tratto vercellese alessandrino
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve
Fontanili di Gattatico e Fiume Enza
Foresta di Legnoli
Foresta Umbra
Foret Domaniale du Circeo
Fuentes del Narcea y del Ibias
GALACHOS DE LA ALFRANCA DE PASTRIZ, LA CARTUJA Y EL BURGO DE EBRO
Galichia Gora Zapovednik
Garzaia della Carola
Garzaia di Cascina Villarasca
Garzaie del Parco Adda Sud
Gessi Bolognesi, Calanchi dell'Abbadessa
Great Lakes Basin desert steppe
Grigne
Hortobágy National Park
Iberian conifer forests
Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra
Illyrian deciduous forests
Irano-Anatolian
Iskmo ön
Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve
Isola Boscone
Isola Mal di Ventre
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Ivalojokisuisto
Izki
Izsáki Kolon-tó
Joutsenaapa - Kaita-aapa
Juortanansalon alue
Karadagskiy Zapovednik
Karkonosze
KATO OLYMPOS, OROS GODAMANI KAI KOILADA RODIAS
Kazakh forest steppe
Khazar Zapovednik
Killarney National Park
Kirkkojärvi
Kiskunsag Biosphere Reserve
Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az õrjegi turjánvidék
KOILADA ACHELOOU KAI ORI VALTOU
Kola Peninsula tundra
Kopetdagh Zapovednik
Krkonose
Kugitang Zapovednik
Kuluntajärvi
La Mola i s'Albufera de Fornells
Laajalahti
Lago di Mezzola e Pian di Spagna
Lagorai
Laidauredeltat
Lake Torne Area
Lanca di Gussola
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve
LIMNES KAI LIMNOTHALASSES TIS THRAKIS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI KAI PARAKTIA ZONI
LIMNES KORONEIAS - VOLVIS, STENA RENTINAS KAI EVRYTERI PERIOCHI
LIMNES VISTONIS, ISMARIS - LIMNOTHALASSES PORTO LAGOS, ALYKI PTELEA, XIROLIMNI, KARATZA
LIMNES VOLVI KAI LAGKADA - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI
LIMNI KERKINI - KROUSIA - KORYFES OROUS BELES, ANGISTRO - CHAROPO
LIMNI STYMFALIA
Luberon
Luiron suot
Marjovuori
Matese
Medio Taro
Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
Mediterranean woodlands and forests
Mesopotamian shrub desert
Middle East steppe
Monte Barro
Monte Cervati e dintorni
MONTES DE ZUERA, CASTEJÓN DE VALDEJASA Y EL CASTELLAR
Monti Reatini
Monticchie
Moor House-Upper Teesdale Biosphere Reserve
Mountains of Central Asia
Muniellos
Murgia Alta
Naattikumpu
Neusiedler See-Osterreichischer Teil
North America
North Atlantic moist mixed forests
North Bull Island
North Norfolk Coast
North Norfolk Coast Biosphere Reserve
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests
Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra
NOTIO DASIKO SYMPLEGMA EVROU
NOTIOANATOLIKOS PARNASSOS - ETHNIKOS DRYMOS PARNASSOU - DASOS TITHOREAS
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve
Olkijokisuu-Pattijoen pohjoishaara
Onkamaanjärvi-Haudansyvä
ORI VOREIOU VOURINOU KAI MELLIA
OROS KANTILI
OROS OLYMPOS LESVOU
OROS OSSA
OROS OTHRYS, VOUNA GKOURAS KAI FARANGI PALAIOKERASIAS
OROS PARNASSOS
OROS YMITTOS
Palava Protected Landscape Area
Paludi di Ostiglia
Pannonian mixed forests
PARAPOTAMIO DASOS VOREIOU EVROU KAI ARDA
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano
Parco Naturale Adamello
Parco Regionale Oglio Sud
Parco Regionale Orobie Bergamasche
Parco Regionale Orobie Valtellinesi
Paul do Boquilobo Biosphere Reserve
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve
Penarronda-Barayo
Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
Picentini
Picos de Europa (Asturias)
Pindus Mountains mixed forests
Po Basin mixed forests
Polana Biosphere Reserve
Ponga- Amieva
Ponga-Amieva
Pontic steppe
Préalpes de Grasse
Prespa National Park
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve
Puszcza Kampinoska
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
Rahjan saaristo
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
Redes
Repetek Biosphere Reserve
Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai
Reserve de la Biosphere d'Iroise
Reserve de la Biosphere des Vosges du Nord
Reserve Nationale de Camargue Biosphere Reserve
Ría de Ribadesella-Ría de Tinamayor
Ría de Villaviciosa
Risaie della Lomellina
Riserva Regionale Bosco dei Bordighi
Riserva Regionale Bosco Ronchetti
Riserva Regionale Fontanile Nuovo
Riserva Regionale Garzaia di Pomponesco
Riserva Regionale Lanca di Gerole
Riserva Regionale Paluaccio di Oga
Rödkallen-SörÄspen
Rodope montane mixed forests
Ruegen
Rummelön-Harrbådan
S'Albufera des Grau
Salina di Cervia
San Genesio
Sarmatic mixed forests
Savuniemi ja Kipansalo
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra
Sayan Intermontane steppe
Sayan montane conifer forests
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve
Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
Sefton Coast
Serra do Gerês
Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren
Siepi e Canali di Resega - Foresto
SIERRA DE ALCUBIERRE
SIERRA DE MONCAYO - LOS FAYOS - SIERRA DE ARMAS
SIERRA SUBBETICA
SIERRAS DE CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS
Somiedo
South Appenine mixed montane forests
South Siberian forest steppe
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Spreewald
St. Kilda National Nature Reserve
STENA NESTOU
Stora Sjofallet National Park
Syunt-Khasardagh Zapovednik
Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra
Taynish National Nature Reserve
Teuravuoma-Kivijärvenvuoma
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
Tian Shan montane conifer forests
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
Torbiere d'Iseo
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area
Tsentral'no-Chernozemny Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve
Tuorusjärvi
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Ubiña-La Mesa
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression)
Ural montane forests and tundra
Val Caffaro
Val di Scalve
Val Grigna
Valderejo-Arcena Mendilerroa / Valderejo-Sierra de Árcena
Vallazza
Valle dei Ratti - Cime di Gaiazzo
Valle del Mezzano, Valle Pega
Valli del Mincio
Valli di Argenta
Valli di Comacchio
Valli Mirandolesi
Vesuvio e Monte Somma
Viadana, Portiolo, San Benedetto Po e Ostiglia
Viiankiaapa
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve
West Siberian taiga
Western European broadleaf forests
Western Siberian hemiboreal forests

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshy-fruited trees, Isabel MARTÍNEZ, Daniel GARCÍA & José Ramón OBESO, Écoscience, 15 (2): 189-199 (2008)
♦ 2Birds and berries: a study of an ecological interaction. Calton, Great Britain, Snow B.K., Snow D.W., 1988, T & AD Poyser. 268 p.
♦ 3Geographical ecology and variation of plant-seed disperser interactions: southern Spanish junipers and frugivorous thrushes, Pedro Jordano, Vegetatio 107/108: 85-104, 1993.