World Species : Protected Area : Vallazza

Vallazza

Location:	Italy
Area:	1,310 acres (530 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B

Share	50 %	30 %	15 %	5 %	50 %	25 %	20 %	5 %
Soil Type	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Gleyic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Well	Very poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 m	75 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	75 m	50 m	15 mm
Phase 1	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	4 %	5 %	4 %	6 %	18 %	9 %	16 %
Sand	77 %	19 %	76 %	19 %	36 %	80 %	42 %	37 %
Silt	14 %	32 %	13 %	25 %	43 %	12 %	36 %	44 %
Clay	9 %	49 %	11 %	56 %	21 %	8 %	22 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Clay	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.6 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.7 %	1.19 %	0.79 %	1.05 %	0.65 %	0.58 %	1 %	2.13 %
PH	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.9	8	6.8	6.6	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	49 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	91 %	71 %	100 %	100 %	89 %	93 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	7.1 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	6 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	20 %	3 %	8 %	5 %	10 %	10 %	12 %
Sand	67 %	21 %	62 %	18 %	34 %	79 %	41 %
Silt	16 %	32 %	15 %	24 %	43 %	11 %	34 %
Clay	17 %	47 %	23 %	58 %	23 %	10 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.48 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.55 %	0.41 %	0.59 %	0.43 %	0.24 %	0.37 %
PH	7.3	6.8	6.1	7.5	8.1	6.9	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	48 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	8 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	99 %	77 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	8.9 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.1 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.8 %	8.7 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263