Durankulak Lake

Location:Bulgaria
Area:8,293 acres (3,356 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

East European forest steppe
Pontic steppe

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share85 %15 %90 %5 %5 %
Soil TypeCalcic ChernozemsCalcaric RegosolsHaplic ChernozemsCalcic ChernozemsEutric Vertisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumFineMediumFine
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m125 m
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property    Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %14 %4 %4 %4 %
Sand28 %44 %12 %28 %19 %
Silt47 %35 %46 %47 %25 %
Clay25 %21 %42 %25 %56 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamSilty clayLoamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.21 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.18 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.56 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.65 %0.75 %2.62 %1.65 %1.05 %
PH7.887.17.86.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity64 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹69 cmol kg⁻¹64 cmol kg⁻¹70 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹43 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases38 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹40.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate4.6 %15 %6 %4.6 %0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %1 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.2 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel17 %18 %6 %17 %5 %
Sand28 %40 %12 %28 %18 %
Silt47 %35 %48 %47 %24 %
Clay25 %25 %40 %25 %58 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamSilty clayLoamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.78 %0.47 %1.17 %0.78 %0.59 %
PH8.28.17.48.27.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity81 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹81 cmol kg⁻¹70 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity24 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹34 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases29.1 cmol kg⁻¹36.5 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹29.1 cmol kg⁻¹44.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate13.6 %15 %6 %13.6 %0.8 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263