Valli di Comacchio

Location:Italy
Area:41,464 acres (16,780 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %30 %20 %40 %30 %30 %
Soil TypeEutric FluvisolsEutric FluvisolsEutric CambisolsEutric FluvisolsEutric GleysolsEutric Regosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumCoarseMediumCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorPoorModerately wellPoorPoorSomewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m100 m
Phase 1SalineSalineSaline   
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cm60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %4 %9 %18 %4 %15 %
Sand39 %39 %42 %80 %37 %83 %
Silt40 %40 %36 %12 %40 %11 %
Clay21 %21 %22 %8 %23 %6 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamy sandLoamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.62 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.27 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.86 %0.86 %1 %0.58 %1.07 %0.5 %
PH7.27.26.66.86.26.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity63 cmol kg⁻¹63 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹64 cmol kg⁻¹41 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation91 %91 %93 %89 %88 %93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases16.9 cmol kg⁻¹16.9 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹7.4 cmol kg⁻¹10.2 cmol kg⁻¹4.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.5 %0.5 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %2 %3 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel7 %7 %12 %10 %5 %22 %
Sand41 %41 %41 %79 %36 %80 %
Silt38 %38 %34 %11 %36 %11 %
Clay21 %21 %25 %10 %28 %9 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamSandy loamClay loamLoamy sand
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.38 %0.38 %0.37 %0.24 %0.37 %0.3 %
PH7.57.576.96.66.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity61 cmol kg⁻¹61 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹57 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹44 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹4 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation96 %96 %93 %93 %90 %76 %
Total Exchangeable Bases15.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.2 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹11.9 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate2.5 %2.5 %0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %3 %2 %2 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263