Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Strigiformes > Strigidae > Glaucidium > Glaucidium passerinumGlaucidium passerinum (Eurasian Pygmy Owl)Synonyms: Glaucidium pesserinum; Strix passerina (homotypic) The Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) is the smallest owl in Europe. It is a dark reddish to greyish-brown, with spotted sides and half of a white ring around the back of the neck. This species is found in the boreal forests of Northern and Central Europe to Siberia. This is a sedentary species, meaning that adults are resident throughout the year in its range. The exception may be during harsh winters, when the adults may move south. Young of the species usually move in autumn or winter. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 11.7064 EDGE Score: 2.54211 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 62 grams | | Birth Weight [2] | 8.3 grams | | Female Weight [6] | 71 grams | | Male Weight [6] | 59 grams | | Weight Dimorphism [6] | 20.3 % |  | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Vertebrates) | | Diet - Endothermic [3] | 100 % | | Forages - Mid-High [3] | 20 % | | Forages - Understory [3] | 20 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 60 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 5 | | Clutches / Year [4] | 1 | | Fledging [4] | 31 days | | Incubation [6] | 29 days | | Mating Display [2] | Ground display (mostly) | | Maximum Longevity [5] | 6 years | | Nocturnal [3] | Yes | | Raptor Research Conservation Priority [8] | 122 | | Snout to Vent Length [4] | 7 inches (17 cm) | | Wing Span [9] | 14 inches (.35 m) | | | Female Maturity [5] | 1 year | | Male Maturity [5] | 1 year |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
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Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Amur meadow steppe |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Atlantic mixed forests |
France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Carpathian montane forests |
Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central China loess plateau mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Changbai Mountains mixed forests |
China, Dem. People's Rep of Korea |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Daurian forest steppe |
China, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Nenjiang River grassland |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Rodope montane mixed forests |
Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
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Adamello-Brenta |
Italy |
A3, B2, C6 |
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Antigorio and Formazza valleys |
Italy |
A3, B2, C6 |
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Babia Gora Mountain |
Poland |
C6 |
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Båtfors-Bredfors |
Sweden |
C6 |
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Beskid Niski Mountains |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Beskydy mountains |
Czech Republic |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
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Bialowieza Forest |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Bieszczady Mountains |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Bohemian forest and Mühl valley |
Austria |
C6 |
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Bois des Ayes |
France |
C6 |
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Bois du Chapitre |
France |
C6 |
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Călimani Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Carniche Alps |
Italy |
B2, C6 |
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Ceahlă Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Central Balkan |
Bulgaria |
A1, A3, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
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Defileul Superior al Mureşului |
Romania |
C6 |
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East slope of Northern Ural |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Färnebofjärden |
Sweden |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Florarna |
Sweden |
B3, C6 |
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Forêt d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Risoux |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Forêts d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Massacre |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Forêts d'altitude du Jura : forêt du Risol et Mont d'Or |
France |
B3, C6 |
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Frumoasa |
Romania |
C6 |
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Giurgeu Depression |
Romania |
C1, C6 |
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Gorce mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Haanja |
Estonia |
A1, C1, C6 |
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Hanveden-Hemfosa |
Sweden |
B2, C6 |
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Haute chaîne du Jura: défilé de l'écluse, Etournel et Mont Vuache |
France |
A4iv, B1iv, B2, C5, C6 |
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Karkonosze Mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Kileinoye bog |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3, A4i |
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Krivoklatsko (Krivoklatsko region) |
Czech Republic |
B2, B3, C6 |
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Kuznetski Alatau |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3, A4i |
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Lahemaa |
Estonia |
A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Lower Silesia Forests |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Luitemaa |
Estonia |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
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Mount Grappa |
Italy |
A1, B1iv, B2, C1, C5, C6 |
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Padiş: Vlădeasa mountain |
Romania |
C1, C6 |
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Parc National de la Vanoise |
France |
A3, B2, C2, C6 |
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Parc National des Ecrins |
France |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Parc National du Mercantour |
France |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Pieniny Mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Pirin |
Bulgaria |
A3, B2, B3, C6 |
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Põhja-Liivimaa |
Estonia |
A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Poyasovy Kamen' ridge |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Rarău Mountains: Giumalău |
Romania |
C6 |
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Retezat Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Rila |
Bulgaria |
A3, B2, B3, C6 |
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Rodnei Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Seketovo, Rakhtovo and Artevo lakes |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Sjöängen: Svartån |
Sweden |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Southern Waldviertel |
Austria |
C6 |
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Stolowe Mountains |
Poland |
C1, C6 |
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Sumava mountains (Bohemian forest) |
Czech Republic |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
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Tatra mountains |
Poland |
C6 |
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Trebonsko (Trebon region) |
Czech Republic |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Väinameri |
Estonia |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
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Vallée du Haut-Guil |
France |
B2, C6 |
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Visimsky zapovednik and vicinity |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Vrancea Mountains |
Romania |
C6 |
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Western Rhodopes |
Bulgaria |
B3, C6 |
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Western Waldviertel |
Austria |
C6 |
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Zaikovo forest |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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Zapovednik "Denezhkin Kamen'" |
Russia (Central Asian) |
A1, A3 |
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 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 6Kemp, AC. 1989. Estimation of Biological Indices for Little-known African Owls Meyburg, B.-U & R. D. Chancellor eds. 1989 Raptors in the Modern World WWGBP: Berlin, London & Paris ♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8Buechley ER, Santangeli A, Girardello M, et al. Global raptor research and conservation priorities: Tropical raptors fall prey to knowledge gaps. Divers Distrib. 2019;25:856–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12901 ♦ 9del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 10Avian and mammalian predators of shrews in Europe: regional differences, between-year and seasonal variation, and mortality due to predation, Erkki Korpimäki & Kai Norrdahl, Ann. Zool. Fennici 26:389-400. 1989 ♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 12International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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