Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Strigiformes > Strigidae > Surnia > Surnia ulula

Surnia ulula (Northern Hawk-Owl; Northern Hawk Owl)

Synonyms: Strix ulula (homotypic); Surnia funerea
Language: French

Infraspecies

Surnia ulula caparoch (American northern hawk owl)
Surnia ulula tianschanica (Tien Shan northern hawk owl)
Surnia ulula ulula (Northern hawk owl)

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
12
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
38
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 24.7224
EDGE Score: 3.24736

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  308 grams
Birth Weight [3]  18 grams
Female Weight [6]  340 grams
Male Weight [6]  301 grams
Weight Dimorphism [6]  13 %
Breeding Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Boreal forests
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Vertebrates)
Diet - Endothermic [4]  90 %
Diet - Vertibrates [4]  10 %
Forages - Understory [4]  20 %
Forages - Ground [4]  80 %
Clutch Size [7]  8
Clutches / Year [3]  1
Fledging [5]  30 days
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  200,000
Incubation [3]  27 days
Mating Display [8]  Ground display
Mating System [8]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [3]  10 years
Nocturnal [9]  Yes
Raptor Research Conservation Priority [10]  95
Snout to Vent Length [5]  15 inches (39 cm)
Wing Span [11]  30 inches (.76 m)
Female Maturity [5]  0 years 12 months

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (194)

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Mountains of Central Asia Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan No

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Accipiter gentilis (Northern Goshawk)[15]
Bubo virginianus (Great Horned Owl)[15]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Baruscapillaria falconis[16]
Ceratophyllus gallinae (European chicken flea)[17]
Monopsyllus sciurorum[17]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n
2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
6Duncan, JR and PA Duncan. 1998. Northern Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula). In A. Poole and F. Gill [eds.], The birds of North America, No. 356. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA
7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
8Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
9Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
10Buechley ER, Santangeli A, Girardello M, et al. Global raptor research and conservation priorities: Tropical raptors fall prey to knowledge gaps. Divers Distrib. 2019;25:856–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12901
11Alaska Wildlife Notebook Series, Alaska Department of Fish and Game
12Martes zibellina (Carnivora: Mustelidae), VLADIMIR G. MONAKHOV, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 43(876):75–86 (2011)
13Avian and mammalian predators of shrews in Europe: regional differences, between-year and seasonal variation, and mortality due to predation, Erkki Korpimäki & Kai Norrdahl, Ann. Zool. Fennici 26:389-400. 1989
14Phenacomys ungava (Rodentia: Cricetidae), JANET K. BRAUN, SARA B. GONZALEZ-PEREZ, GARRETT M. STREET, JENNIE M. MOOK, AND NICHOLAS J. CZAPLEWSKI, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 45(899):18–29 (2013)
15Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
16Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
17International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0