Diet Overlap

Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird)
Turdus viscivorus (Mistle Thrush)

Common Diet

Cephalotaxus brevifolia (Common yew)
Chamaemespilus alpina (Winterbeam)
Crataegus heterophylla (Common Hawthorn)
Ilex aquifolium (English holly)
Juniperus communis (Common Juniper)
Juniperus phoenicea (Phoenician Juniper)
Juniperus sabina (savin)
Malus sylvestris (Crab Apple)
Prunus avium (Wild Cherry)
Prunus padus (Bird Cherry)
Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn)
Rhamnus cathartica (Hart's thorn)
Rosa canina (Dog Rose)
Sorbus aucuparia (Mountain Ash)
Stenurella melanura

Common Habitat

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve
AISTHITIKO DASOS KALAVRYTON
Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
Alpár-bokrosi tisza-ártéri öblözet
Alpe di Storo e Bondone
Alps conifer and mixed forests
Alte Valli Anzasca, Antrona e Bognanco
Alte Valli Pesio e Tanaro
Alte Valli Stura e Maira
ALTO CINCA
Alto Garda Bresciano
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
Appenine deciduous montane forests
Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve
Atlantic mixed forests
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
Azraq Wetland Reserve
Babia Góra National Park
Bacini ex-zuccherificio di Argelato e Golena del Fiume Reno
Badghyz Zapovednik
Balkan mixed forests
Baltic mixed forests
Basso Taro
Bayerischer Wald National Park
Beigua - Turchino
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve
Berchtesgaden Alps
Berezinskiy Zapovednik
Bialowieza National Park
Bideford Bay Biosphere Reserve
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Bentivoglio, S. Pietro in Casale, Malalbergo e Baricella
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Budrio e Minerbio
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Crevalcore
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Medicina e Molinella
Bocca d'Ardole - Corno della Paura
Bocca di Caset
Boschi del Ticino
Bosco della Mesola, Bosco Panfilia, Bosco di Santa Giustina, Valle Falce, La Goara
Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve
Cairnsmore of Fleet, Silver Flowe, and Merrick Kells
Calamocarro-Benzú
Caledon conifer forests
Canalone del Tripodo
Cantabrian mixed forests
Carpathian
Carpathian montane forests
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
Caucasus
Caucasus mixed forests
Celtic broadleaf forests
Central Anatolian deciduous forests
Central Anatolian steppe
Central European mixed forests
Central Persian desert basins
Codru (Kodry) Zapovednik
COLLARADA - IBÓN DE IP
Corpo centrale e rupi costiere occidentali dell'Isola di Capri
Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
Costa Brava de Mallorca
COTIELLA - SIERRA FERRERA
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
Crinale Pichea - Rocchetta
Cyprus Mediterranean forests
Dana
Darvinsky Zapovednik
DESFILADERO DE LOS GAITANES
DESFILADEROS DEL RÍO JALÓN
DESFILADEROS DEL RÍO MARTÍN
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Disgrazia - Sissone
DOÑANA
East European forest steppe
Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
Eastern Beskid
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
EL TURBÓN Y SIERRA DE SÍS
Elburz Range forest steppe
EMBALSE DEL PAS Y SANTA RITA
English Lowlands beech forests
ESTEPAS DE BELCHITE-EL PLANERON-LA LOMAZA
Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve
Foresta di Legnoli
Foresta Umbra
GALACHOS DE LA ALFRANCA DE PASTRIZ, LA CARTUJA Y EL BURGO DE EBRO
Galichia Gora Zapovednik
Gessi Bolognesi, Calanchi dell'Abbadessa
Great Himalayan National Park
Grigne
Gruppo del Monviso e Bosco dell'Alevè
Himalaya
Himalayan subtropical pine forests
HOCES DEL RIO MESA
Iberian conifer forests
Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Illyrian deciduous forests
Irano-Anatolian
Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve
Isola di Vivara
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Izsáki Kolon-tó
Karadagskiy Zapovednik
Karkonosze
Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve
Khazar Zapovednik
Killarney National Park
Kiskunsag Biosphere Reserve
Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az õrjegi turjánvidék
Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe
Kopetdagh Zapovednik
Krivoklatsko Protected Landscape Area
Krkonose
La Bora
La Rocchetta
LA SOTONERA
La Trapa
Laajalahti
Lago di Mezzola e Pian di Spagna
Lagorai
LAGUNA DE SARIÑENA Y BALSA DE LA ESTACIÓN
LAGUNAS Y CARRIZALES DE CINCO VILLAS
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve
LOMA LA NEGRA - BARDENAS
LOS ALCORNOCALES
LOS VALLES
Luberon
Marismas de Santoña y Noja
Massiccio del Monte Eremita
MATARRAÑA - AIGUABARREIX
Matese
Medio Taro
Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe
Mediterranean woodlands and forests
Mesopotamian shrub desert
Middle East steppe
MONFRAGÜE Y LAS DEHESAS DEL ENTORNO
MONTES DE ZUERA, CASTEJÓN DE VALDEJASA Y EL CASTELLAR
MONTES UNIVERSALES - SIERRA DEL TREMEDAL
Moor House-Upper Teesdale Biosphere Reserve
Mordovsky Zapovednik
Mountains of Central Asia
Murgia Alta
Nanda Devi National Park
Neusiedler See-Osterreichischer Teil
North Atlantic moist mixed forests
North Bull Island
North Norfolk Coast Biosphere Reserve
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve
OROS KANTILI
OROS YMITTOS
Palava Protected Landscape Area
Pamir alpine desert and tundra
Pannonian mixed forests
PARAMERAS DE ALFAMBRA
PARAMERAS DE POZONDÓN
Parc National Suisse
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano
Parco Naturale Adamello
Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio
Parco Regionale Campo dei Fiori
Parco Regionale Oglio Sud
Parco Regionale Orobie Bergamasche
Parco Regionale Orobie Valtellinesi
Paul do Boquilobo Biosphere Reserve
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve
Picentini
Pindus Mountains mixed forests
Po Basin mixed forests
Polana Biosphere Reserve
Pontic steppe
Prespa National Park
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve
PUERTO PEÑA - LOS GOLONDRINOS
PUERTOS DE BECEITE
Puszcza Kampinoska
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
Rahjan saaristo
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert
Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai
Reserve de la Biosphere d'Iroise
Reserve Nationale de Camargue Biosphere Reserve
Reserve Srebarna
RÍO GUADALOPE - MAESTRAZGO
RÍO HUERVA Y LAS PLANAS
Riserva Regionale Bosco dei Bordighi
Riserva Regionale Fontanile Nuovo
Riserva Regionale Paluaccio di Oga
Rodope montane mixed forests
Ruegen
S'Albufera des Grau
Sa Dragonera
SALVATIERRA - FOZES DE FAGO Y BINIÉS
Sarmatic mixed forests
Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
Schorfheide-Chorin
Sciorella
SERRETA DE TRAMACED
Ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera
Sidländet
Siepi e Canali di Resega - Foresto
SIERRA DE ALCUBIERRE
SIERRA DE ARACENA Y PICOS DE AROCHE
SIERRA DE CANCIÁS - SILVES
SIERRA DE GRAZALEMA
SIERRA DE LAS NIEVES
SIERRA DE LAS VILLUERCAS Y VALLE DEL GUADARRANQUE
SIERRA DE MONCAYO - LOS FAYOS - SIERRA DE ARMAS
SIERRA MARIA - LOS VELEZ
SIERRA NEVADA
SIERRA PELADA Y RIVERA DEL ASERRADOR
SIERRA SUBBETICA
SIERRAS CENTRALES Y EMBALSE DE ALANGE
SIERRAS DE CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS
SIERRAS DE LEYRE Y ORBA
SIERRAS DE SANTO DOMINGO Y CABALLERA Y RÍO ONSELLA
SIERRAS DE TEJEDA, ALMIJARA Y ALHAMA
SOTOS Y CARRIZALES DEL RÍO ARAGÓN
South Appenine mixed montane forests
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Spreewald
St. Kilda National Nature Reserve
Sumava Biosphere Reserve
Syunt-Khasardagh Zapovednik
Taklimakan desert
Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe
Tatra Mountains
Taynish National Nature Reserve
Teberdinskiy Biosphere Reserve
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
Tian Shan montane conifer forests
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
Torbiere d'Iseo
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area
Triglav National Park
Tsentral'no-Chernozemny Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Tzentralen Balkan
Val Caffaro
Val di Scalve
Val Formazza
Val Grigna
Val Troncea
Valle dei Ratti - Cime di Gaiazzo
Valle del Mezzano, Valle Pega
Valli del Mincio
Valli di Argenta
Valli di Comacchio
Valli Mirandolesi
Vessertal-Thuringian Forest Biosphere Reserve
Vesuvio e Monte Somma
VIÑAMALA
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve
Waddensea of Lower Saxony
Western European broadleaf forests
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Zagros Mountains forest steppe

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Birds and berries: a study of an ecological interaction. Calton, Great Britain, Snow B.K., Snow D.W., 1988, T & AD Poyser. 268 p.
♦ 2Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshy-fruited trees, Isabel MARTÍNEZ, Daniel GARCÍA & José Ramón OBESO, Écoscience, 15 (2): 189-199 (2008)
♦ 3Geographical ecology and variation of plant-seed disperser interactions: southern Spanish junipers and frugivorous thrushes, Pedro Jordano, Vegetatio 107/108: 85-104, 1993.
♦ 4Ecology of Commanster