Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Lagomorpha > Leporidae > Lepus > Lepus europaeus

Lepus europaeus (European Hare; brown hare)

Synonyms:

Wikipedia Abstract

The European hare (Lepus europaeus), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is among the largest hare species and is adapted to temperate, open country. Hares are herbivorous and feed mainly on grasses and herbs, supplementing these with twigs, buds, bark and field crops, particularly in winter. Their natural predators include large birds of prey, canids and felids. They rely on high-speed endurance running to escape from their enemies; having long, powerful limbs and large nostrils.
View Wikipedia Record: Lepus europaeus

Infraspecies

Lepus europaeus caspicus
Lepus europaeus connori
Lepus europaeus creticus
Lepus europaeus cyprius
Lepus europaeus cyrensis
Lepus europaeus europaeus
Lepus europaeus hybridus
Lepus europaeus iranensis
Lepus europaeus judeae
Lepus europaeus karpathorum
Lepus europaeus medius
Lepus europaeus occidentalis
Lepus europaeus parnassius
Lepus europaeus ponticus
Lepus europaeus rhodius
Lepus europaeus syriacus
Lepus europaeus transsylvanicus

Invasive Species

View ISSG Record: Lepus europaeus

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
3
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
19
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 6.5
EDGE Score: 2.02
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  9.204 lbs (4.175 kg)
Birth Weight [1]  120 grams
Diet [2]  Herbivore
Diet - Plants [2]  100 %
Forages - Ground [2]  100 %
Female Maturity [1]  7 months 26 days
Gestation [1]  42 days
Litter Size [1]  2
Litters / Year [1]  4
Maximum Longevity [1]  11 years
Nocturnal [3]  Yes
Snout to Vent Length [4]  24 inches (61 cm)
Weaning [1]  29 days

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (164)

Ecosystems

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey No
Irano-Anatolian Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan No
Mediterranean Basin Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey No

Prey / Diet

Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)[5]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Consumers

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 3Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 5Ecology of Commanster
♦ 6David Horal, Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Czech Republic ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA, Suppl. 3, 2011: 55-59
♦ 7Trejo, A., M. Kun, M. Sahores, and S. Seijas. 2005. Diet overlap and prey size of two owls in the forest-steppe ecotone of southern Argentina Ornitol. Neotrop 16:539–546
♦ 8Food habits of the Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) in the Andean Patagonia: the role of breeding constraints, A. Travaini, J. A. Donázar, O. Ceballos & F. Hiraldo, Journal of Arid Environments (2001) 48: 211–219
♦ 9Nestling diet and parental provisioning behaviour in the Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), Marcin BRZEZIŃSKI, Michał ŻMIHORSKI, Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2009, Volumen 19, Numerus 2
♦ 10Small-scale spatial variability in the diet of pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) and human-induced changes in prey base, Ariel A. Farias, Marcelo J. Kittlein, Ecol Res (2008) 23: 543–550
♦ 11Foraging by lynx and its role in ungulate mortality: the local (Białowieża Forest) and the Palaearctic viewpoints, Włodzimierz JĘDRZEJEWSKI, Krzysztof SCHMIDT, Lech MIŁKOWSKI, Bogumiła JĘDRZEJEWSKA, Henryk OKARMA, Acta Theriologica 38 (4): 385-403
♦ 12Breeding Biology of a Grey Eagle-Buzzard Population in Patagonia, Fernando Hiraldo, José A. Donázar, Olga Ceballos, Alejandro Travaini, Javier Bustamante and Martín Funes, The Wilson Bulletin, Vol. 107, No. 4 (Dec 1995), pp. 675-685
♦ 13Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 14International Flea Database
♦ 15Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0