Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Mustelidae > Gulo > Gulo guloGulo gulo (Wolverine)Synonyms: Gulo vulgaris Language: French The wolverine (/ˈwʊlvəriːn/), Gulo gulo (Gulo is Latin for "glutton"), also referred to as the glutton, carcajou, skunk bear, or quickhatch, is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae (weasels). It is a stocky and muscular carnivore, more closely resembling a small bear than other mustelids. The wolverine, a solitary animal, has a reputation for ferocity and strength out of proportion to its size, with the documented ability to kill prey many times larger than itself. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 16.4 EDGE Score: 3.55 |
Adult Weight [1] | 36.008 lbs (16.333 kg) | Birth Weight [1] | 95 grams | Male Weight [3] | 31.967 lbs (14.50 kg) |  | Diet [2] | Carnivore (Vertebrates), Frugivore | Diet - Endothermic [2] | 20 % | Diet - Fruit [2] | 20 % | Diet - Scavenger [2] | 40 % | Diet - Vertibrates [2] | 20 % | Forages - Ground [2] | 100 % |  | Female Maturity [1] | 1 year 11 months | Male Maturity [1] | 2 years 1 month |  | Gestation [1] | 35 days | Litter Size [1] | 3 | Litters / Year [1] | 1 | Maximum Longevity [1] | 20 years | Nocturnal [2] | Yes | Snout to Vent Length [3] | 32 inches (81 cm) | Weaning [1] | 87 days |
|
Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alaska Peninsula montane taiga |
United States |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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|
|
|
Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra |
United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Altai alpine meadow and tundra |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Altai montane forest and forest steppe |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
|
Altai steppe and semi-desert |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
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Amur meadow steppe |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Arctic coastal tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Arctic foothills tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Baffin coastal tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Bering tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Beringia lowland tundra |
United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Beringia upland tundra |
United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Blue Mountains forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
British Columbia mainland coastal forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Brooks-British Range tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
California interior chaparral and woodlands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Canadian Aspen forests and parklands |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Cascade Mountains leeward forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Central and Southern Cascades forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Central British Columbia Mountain forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Central Canadian Shield forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Central Pacific coastal forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Chukchi Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Cook Inlet taiga |
United States |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Copper Plateau taiga |
United States |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Daurian forest steppe |
China, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Davis Highlands tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
East Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Eastern Canadian forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Eastern Canadian Shield taiga |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Fraser Plateau and Basin complex |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Great Lakes Basin desert steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
High Arctic tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Junggar Basin semi-desert |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra |
Greenland |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka-Kurile taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh forest steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh semi-desert |
Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh upland |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kola Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Low Arctic tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Mid-Continental Canadian forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Middle Arctic tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Midwestern Canadian Shield forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Muskwa-Slave Lake forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Nenjiang River grassland |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
North Central Rockies forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northeast Siberian coastal tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Northeast Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Northern Canadian Shield taiga |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Northern Cordillera forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Northern Pacific coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northern transitional alpine forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Northwest Territories taiga |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Okanagan dry forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Palouse grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Puget lowland forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Sakhalin Island taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sayan Intermontane steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sayan montane conifer forests |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Snake-Columbia shrub steppe |
United States |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
South Central Rockies forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
South Siberian forest steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Hudson Bay taiga |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Torngat Mountain tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal conifer forests |
Russia, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Ural montane forests and tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
West Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Western Siberian hemiboreal forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Yamal-Gydan tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Yukon Interior dry forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Aleutian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
|
2720489 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Altaisky Zapovednik |
Ia |
2177587 |
Altai, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge |
Ib |
12402936 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Azas Zapovednik |
Ia |
742280 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Baikalo-Lensky Zapovednik |
Ia |
1630896 |
Irkutsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Baikalskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
458883 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Banff National Park |
II |
1690912 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
924970 |
Buryatia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Bonanza Creek LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research |
|
|
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve |
|
864738 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Coram Biosphere Reserve |
|
7460 |
Montana, United States |
|
|
|
|
Denali Biosphere Reserve |
|
1932364 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Elimyssalon alue |
|
20492 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Etelä-Kuusamon metsät |
|
37975 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Gates of the Arctic National Park |
Ib |
184461 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Glacier National Park |
II |
953799 |
Montana, United States |
|
|
|
|
Grand Teton National Park |
II |
231724 |
Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Iivaara - Jousivaara |
|
5948 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Ivvavik National Park |
II |
2382752 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Jasper National Park |
II |
2776809 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Joutsenaapa - Kaita-aapa |
|
31592 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Juortanansalon alue |
|
13433 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
KALDOAIVIN ERÄMAA |
|
868904 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
KÄSIVARREN ERÄMAA |
|
654562 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Katmai National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
421782 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Katunsky Biosphere Reserve |
|
393162 |
Altai, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kemihaaran suot |
|
34744 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Kevo |
|
176448 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Kivach Zapovednik |
IV |
26885 |
Karelia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kluane National Park and Reserve National Park Reserve |
II |
5463436 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
KOITELAINEN |
|
120928 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Kootenay National Park |
II |
341762 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Kostomukshsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
117269 |
Karelia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kronotskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
361480 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Lake Chelan National Recreation Area |
II |
606367 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
|
Lake Torne Area Biosphere Reserve |
|
238457 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
LEMMENJOEN KANSALLISPUISTO |
|
706697 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Maaselkä |
|
7982 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Magadansky Zapovednik |
|
2332834 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Malaya Sozva Zapovednik |
Ia |
557376 |
Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve |
|
293047 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Mount Revelstoke National Park |
Ia |
18 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
NAATSUKKA-AAPA |
|
26215 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Nahanni National Park Reserve |
II |
1309627 |
Northwest Territories, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Noatak Biosphere Reserve |
|
7500143 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Ostrov Vrangelya (Wrangel Island) Zapovednik Nature Monument |
III |
180 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Oulanka |
|
72624 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Pacific Rim National Park Reserve |
II |
137900 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Pallas-Ounastunturi |
|
146845 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
3098091 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Polar Bear Provincial Park |
|
5502026 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
POMOKAIRA |
|
228222 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
PÖYRISJÄRVEN ERÄMAA |
|
362835 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
PULJUN ERÄMAA |
|
139246 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Queen Maud Gulf Bird Sanctuary Migratory Bird Sanctuary |
IV |
15335601 |
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Riding Mountain Biosphere Reserve |
II |
762028 |
Manitoba, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Ruunaa |
|
29598 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
964620 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve |
II |
172261 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Sikhote-Alinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
978001 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Sirmilik National Park |
II |
5475284 |
Canada |
|
|
|
|
Sokhondinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
521363 |
Chita, Russia |
|
|
|
|
SOTA-AAPA |
|
7853 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Taimyrsky Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
4403240 |
Taimyr, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tiilikan alue |
|
12135 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
2521510 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tuktut Nogait National Park |
II |
5761538 |
Northwest Territories, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
UK-PUISTO-SOMPIO-KEMIHAARA |
|
765461 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Ukkusiksalik National Park |
II |
|
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Värriö |
|
30784 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Vuntut National Park |
II |
1076795 |
Yukon, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Walker Bay Field Station |
|
|
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Wapusk National Park |
II |
2614324 |
Manitoba, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Waterton Biosphere Reserve |
II |
121459 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Whiskey-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area |
V |
197791 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
Wood Buffalo National Park |
II |
11038545 |
Alberta, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
2476446 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve |
II |
2196863 |
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
Yoho National Park |
II |
317576 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 4Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 5Exploring the Denali Food Web, ParkWise, National Park Service ♦ 6Martes zibellina (Carnivora: Mustelidae), VLADIMIR G. MONAKHOV, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 43(876):75–86 (2011) ♦ 7Microtus miurus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), F. RUSSELL COLE AND DON E. WILSON, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 42(855):75–89 (2010) ♦ 8Nyctereutes procyonoides, Oscar G. Ward and Doris H. Wurster-Hill, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 358, pp. 1-5 (1990) ♦ 95.1 Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus, A. Angerbjörn, P. Hersteinsson and M. Tannerfeldt, Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x + 430 pp. ♦ 10Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 11International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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