Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Estrildidae > Lonchura > Lonchura punctulata

Lonchura punctulata (Scaly-breasted Munia; Nutmeg Mannikin)

Synonyms: Loxia punctulata

Wikipedia Abstract

The scaly-breasted munia or spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata), known in the pet trade as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch, is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical Asia. A species of the genus Lonchura, it was formally described and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Its name is based on the distinct scale-like feather markings on the breast and belly. The adult is brown above and has a dark conical bill. The species has 11 subspecies across their range and differ slightly in size and colour.
View Wikipedia Record: Lonchura punctulata

Infraspecies

Lonchura punctulata baweana
Lonchura punctulata blasii
Lonchura punctulata cabanisi
Lonchura punctulata fretensis
Lonchura punctulata holmesi
Lonchura punctulata nisoria
Lonchura punctulata particeps
Lonchura punctulata punctulata
Lonchura punctulata subundulata
Lonchura punctulata sumbae
Lonchura punctulata topela
Lonchura punctulata yunnanensis

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
1
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
11
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 3.37767
EDGE Score: 1.47652
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  12.8 grams
Birth Weight [3]  1.2 grams
Female Weight [5]  15 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Tropical grasslands, Agricultural
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Generalist
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [4]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  10 %
Diet - Plants [4]  20 %
Diet - Seeds [4]  50 %
Forages - Understory [4]  50 %
Forages - Ground [4]  50 %
Clutch Size [7]  6
Clutches / Year [5]  2
Fledging [5]  18 days
Incubation [6]  14 days
Mating System [3]  Polygyny
Maximum Longevity [5]  10 years

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Prey / Diet

Cenchrus purpureus (elephant grass)[8]
Digitaria ciliaris (Henry's crabgrass)[8]
Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea Grass)[6]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Competing SpeciesCommon Prey Count
Crithagra mozambica (Yellow-fronted Canary)1
Euplectes afer (Yellow-crowned Bishop)2
Leptodictya tabida (sugarcane lace bug)1
Lonchura leucogastra (White-bellied Munia)1
Spinus cucullatus (Red Siskin)1

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Hymenolepis punctulata <Unverified Name>[9]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Morphological Characters of Bird Species in Taiwan, Hau-Jie Shiu, Tzung-Su Ding, Jia-En Sheu, Ruey-Shing Lin, Chau-Nien Koh, and Pei-Fen Lee, Taiwania, 50(2): 80-92, 2005
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 6Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve
♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
♦ 8del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 9Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0