Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Location:Singapore
IUCN Category:II
Area:411 acres (166 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Af (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: fully humid)

Ecoregions

Peninsular Malaysian rain forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share25 %25 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeFerric AcrisolsFerric AcrisolsPlinthic AcrisolsDystric GleysolsGleyic Acrisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellPoorPoorPoor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %23 %35 %2 %9 %
Sand78 %53 %47 %40 %34 %
Silt12 %22 %30 %39 %43 %
Clay10 %25 %23 %21 %23 %
USDA TextureSandy loamSandy clay loamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.58 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.52 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.61 %0.98 %1.13 %1.25 %0.83 %
PH6.25.14.85.14.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity28 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity4 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation72 %49 %54 %47 %30 %
Total Exchangeable Bases3.7 cmol kg⁻¹2.7 cmol kg⁻¹3 cmol kg⁻¹5.5 cmol kg⁻¹1.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %2 %2 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %19 %19 %4 %7 %
Sand65 %41 %36 %41 %28 %
Silt12 %20 %27 %34 %38 %
Clay23 %39 %37 %25 %34 %
USDA TextureSandy clay loamClay loamClay loamLoamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.43 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.52 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.3 %0.39 %0.41 %0.4 %0.3 %
PH5.754.85.24.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹22 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation46 %33 %32 %47 %20 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.8 cmol kg⁻¹1.3 cmol kg⁻¹1.9 cmol kg⁻¹6.1 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %3 %1 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263