Sunderban

Location:India
Area:261,613 acres (105,871 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

Sundarbans mangroves

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %20 %20 %10 %
Soil TypeThionic FluvisolsGleyic SolonchaksCalcaric FluvisolsHistosols
Topsoil TextureFineMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageVery poorPoorPoorVery poor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m
Phase 1Saline   
Phase 2Sodic   
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %6 %10 %15 %
Sand8 %36 %35 %26 %
Silt34 %43 %47 %35 %
Clay58 %21 %18 %39 %
USDA TextureClayLoamLoamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.19 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.18 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³0.26 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.59 %0.42 %0.6 %35.27 %
PH58.185
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity23 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹65 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity27 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation80 %100 %100 %64 %
Total Exchangeable Bases12.8 cmol kg⁻¹13.9 cmol kg⁻¹19.8 cmol kg⁻¹45.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %9.5 %11.7 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %6.5 %0.2 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium17 %46 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-114.5 dS m-10.7 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel3 %5 %11 %1 %
Sand10 %37 %37 %43 %
Silt33 %39 %45 %28 %
Clay57 %24 %18 %29 %
USDA TextureClayLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.2 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.09 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³0.11 g/cm³
Organic Carbon3.49 %0.3 %0.4 %33.85 %
PH4.28.18.15.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity25 cmol kg⁻¹46 cmol kg⁻¹84 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity27 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹79 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation78 %100 %100 %59 %
Total Exchangeable Bases17.9 cmol kg⁻¹18.2 cmol kg⁻¹20.7 cmol kg⁻¹55.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %12.3 %12.2 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %4.1 %0.3 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium15 %54 %3 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-12.8 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263