Diet Overlap

Turdus iliacus (Redwing)
Turdus viscivorus (Mistle Thrush)

Common Diet

Cephalotaxus brevifolia (Common yew)
Chamaemespilus alpina (Winterbeam)
Crataegus heterophylla (Common Hawthorn)
Crataegus laevigata palmstruchii (Midland Hawthorn)
Ilex aquifolium (English holly)
Juniperus communis (Common Juniper)
Juniperus phoenicea (Phoenician Juniper)
Juniperus sabina (savin)
Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn)
Rhamnus cathartica (Hart's thorn)

Common Habitat

Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve
Alburni
Alpár-bokrosi tisza-ártéri öblözet
Alpi Carniche
Alps conifer and mixed forests
Alte Valli Pesio e Tanaro
Alte Valli Stura e Maira
Alto Garda Bresciano
Amudarya Zapovednik
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
Appenine deciduous montane forests
Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve
Atlantic mixed forests
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
Azraq Wetland Reserve
Babia Góra National Park
Bacini ex-zuccherificio di Argelato e Golena del Fiume Reno
Badghyz Zapovednik
Balkan mixed forests
Baltic mixed forests
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve
Basso Taro
Beigua - Turchino
Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve
Berezinskiy Zapovednik
Bialowieza National Park
Bideford Bay Biosphere Reserve
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Bentivoglio, S. Pietro in Casale, Malalbergo e Baricella
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Budrio e Minerbio
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Crevalcore
Biotopi e Ripristini ambientali di Medicina e Molinella
Bocca di Caset
Boschi del Ticino
Bosco della Mesola, Bosco Panfilia, Bosco di Santa Giustina, Valle Falce, La Goara
Bükk-hegység és peremterületei
Cabo Busto-Luanco
Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve
Cairnsmore of Fleet, Silver Flowe, and Merrick Kells
Calamocarro-Benzú
Caledon conifer forests
Cantabrian mixed forests
Carpathian montane forests
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
Caspian lowland desert
Caucasus
Caucasus mixed forests
Celtic broadleaf forests
Central Anatolian deciduous forests
Central Anatolian steppe
Central European mixed forests
Central Persian desert basins
Codru (Kodry) Zapovednik
Corpo centrale e rupi costiere occidentali dell'Isola di Capri
Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
Costa Brava de Mallorca
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
Cyprus Mediterranean forests
Dana
Darvinsky Zapovednik
DESFILADERO DE LOS GAITANES
DESFILADEROS DEL RÍO MARTÍN
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Disgrazia - Sissone
DOÑANA
Dyfi National Nature Reserve
East European forest steppe
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
Eastern Beskid
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
Elburz Range forest steppe
Elimyssalon alue
Embalses del centro (San Andrés,la Granda, Trasona y la Furta)
Emin Valley steppe
English Lowlands beech forests
Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék
Fiume Po - tratto vercellese alessandrino
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve
Foresta di Legnoli
Foresta Umbra
Fuentes del Narcea y del Ibias
GALACHOS DE LA ALFRANCA DE PASTRIZ, LA CARTUJA Y EL BURGO DE EBRO
Galichia Gora Zapovednik
Gessi Bolognesi, Calanchi dell'Abbadessa
Grigne
HOCES DEL RÍO RIAZA
Hortobágy National Park
Iberian conifer forests
Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Illyrian deciduous forests
Irano-Anatolian
Isle of Rum National Nature Reserve
Isola di Vivara
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Izsáki Kolon-tó
Joutsenaapa - Kaita-aapa
Juortanansalon alue
Karadagskiy Zapovednik
Karkonosze
Keurunmäki-Haavikkolehto
Khazar Zapovednik
Killarney National Park
Kiskunsag Biosphere Reserve
Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az õrjegi turjánvidék
Kola Peninsula tundra
Kopet Dag semi-desert
Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe
Kopetdagh Zapovednik
Krkonose
La Bora
Laajalahti
Lago di Mezzola e Pian di Spagna
Lagorai
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve
Luberon
Luiron suot
Matese
Medio Taro
Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets
Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe
Mediterranean woodlands and forests
Mesopotamian shrub desert
Middle East steppe
Monte Cervati e dintorni
MONTES DE ZUERA, CASTEJÓN DE VALDEJASA Y EL CASTELLAR
Moor House-Upper Teesdale Biosphere Reserve
Mordovsky Zapovednik
Mountains of Central Asia
Muniellos
Murgia Alta
Neusiedler See-Osterreichischer Teil
North Atlantic moist mixed forests
North Bull Island
North Norfolk Coast Biosphere Reserve
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve
OROS KANTILI
OROS YMITTOS
Palava Protected Landscape Area
Pannonian mixed forests
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano
Parco Naturale Adamello
Parco Regionale Oglio Sud
Parco Regionale Orobie Bergamasche
Parco Regionale Orobie Valtellinesi
Paul do Boquilobo Biosphere Reserve
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve
Penarronda-Barayo
Picentini
Picos de Europa (Asturias)
Pindus Mountains mixed forests
Po Basin mixed forests
Polana Biosphere Reserve
Ponga- Amieva
Ponga-Amieva
Pontic steppe
Prespa National Park
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve
Puszcza Kampinoska
Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
Rahjan saaristo
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
Redes
Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert
Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai
Reserve de la Biosphere d'Iroise
Reserve de la Biosphere des Vosges du Nord
Reserve Nationale de Camargue Biosphere Reserve
Ría de Ribadesella-Ría de Tinamayor
Ría de Villaviciosa
RÍO HUERVA Y LAS PLANAS
Riserva Regionale Bosco dei Bordighi
Riserva Regionale Fontanile Nuovo
Riserva Regionale Paluaccio di Oga
Rodope montane mixed forests
Ruegen
S'Albufera des Grau
Sarmatic mixed forests
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve
Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
Sefton Coast
SERRETA DE TRAMACED
Ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera
Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren
Sidländet
Siepi e Canali di Resega - Foresto
SIERRA DE ALCUBIERRE
SIERRA DE MONCAYO - LOS FAYOS - SIERRA DE ARMAS
SIERRA DE SIRUELA
SIERRA SUBBETICA
SIERRAS DE CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS
Somiedo
South Appenine mixed montane forests
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Spreewald
St. Kilda National Nature Reserve
Stora Sjofallet National Park
Syunt-Khasardagh Zapovednik
Taynish National Nature Reserve
Teuravuoma-Kivijärvenvuoma
The New Forest
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
Tian Shan montane conifer forests
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
Torbiere d'Iseo
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area
Tsentral'no-Chernozemny Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
Ubiña-La Mesa
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression)
Val Caffaro
Val di Scalve
Val Grigna
Valle dei Ratti - Cime di Gaiazzo
Valle del Mezzano, Valle Pega
Valli del Mincio
Valli di Argenta
Valli di Comacchio
Valli Mirandolesi
Vesuvio e Monte Somma
Viiankiaapa
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve
Western European broadleaf forests
Zagros Mountains forest steppe

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Birds and berries: a study of an ecological interaction. Calton, Great Britain, Snow B.K., Snow D.W., 1988, T & AD Poyser. 268 p.
♦ 2Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshy-fruited trees, Isabel MARTÍNEZ, Daniel GARCÍA & José Ramón OBESO, Écoscience, 15 (2): 189-199 (2008)
♦ 3Ecology of Commanster
♦ 4Geographical ecology and variation of plant-seed disperser interactions: southern Spanish junipers and frugivorous thrushes, Pedro Jordano, Vegetatio 107/108: 85-104, 1993.