Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Myrtales > Onagraceae > Oenothera > Oenothera biennis

Oenothera biennis (king's-cureall; hoary eveningprimrose; evening primrose (common); common evening primrose; common evening-primrose; common eveningprimrose)

Synonyms:

Wikipedia Abstract

Oenothera biennis (common evening-primrose, evening star, or sun drop) is a species of Oenothera native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions. Evening primrose oil is produced from the plant.
View Wikipedia Record: Oenothera biennis

Infraspecies

Oenothera biennis var. biennis
Oenothera biennis var. strigosa
Oenothera biennis var. suaveolens

Attributes

Allergen Potential [1]  Medium-Low
Screening - Summer [2]  Dense
Screening - Winter [2]  Porous
Bloom Period [2]  Late Spring
Drought Tolerance [2]  Medium
Edible [3]  May be edible. See the Plants For A Future link below for details.
Fire Tolerance [2]  Low
Flower Type [3]  Hermaphrodite
Frost Free Days [2]  4 months
Fruit/Seed Abundance [2]  High
Fruit/Seed Begin [2]  Summer
Fruit/Seed End [2]  Fall
Growth Form [2]  Single Crown
Growth Period [2]  Spring, Summer, Fall
Growth Rate [2]  Rapid
Leaf Type [2]  Deciduous
Lifespan [3]  Biennial
Pollinators [3]  Lepidoptera, Bees, Bats
Propagation [2]  Seed
Regrowth Rate [2]  Slow
Root Depth [2]  10 inches (25 cm)
Scent [3]  The flowers open in the evening, they are richly scented with a delicious sweet perfume and are very attractive to moths;
Seed Spread Rate [2]  Moderate
Seed Vigor [2]  High
Seeds Per [2]  1375997 / lb (3033557 / kg)
Shape/Orientation [2]  Erect
Structure [5]  Herb
Usage [3]  The oil from the seed is added to skin preparations and cosmetics. It is often combined with vitamin E to prevent oxidation; A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers; A finely ground powder made from the flowering stems is used cosmetically in face-masks to counteract reddened skins;
Vegetative Spread Rate [2]  None
Flower Color [2]  Yellow
Foliage Color [2]  Green
Fruit Color [2]  Brown
Flower Conspicuous [2]  Yes
Height [3]  3.936 feet (1.2 m)
Hardiness Zone Minimum [2]  USDA Zone: 4 Low Temperature: -30 F° (-34.4 C°) → -20 F° (-28.9 C°)
Light Preference [4]  Full Sun
Soil Acidity [4]  Moderate Acid
Soil Fertility [4]  Mostly Infertile
Soil Moisture [4]  Mostly Dry
Water Use [2]  Moderate
View Plants For A Future Record : Oenothera biennis

Protected Areas

+ Click for partial list (100)Full list (121)

Ecosystems

Predators

Providers

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Erysiphe howeana[8]

External References

USDA Plant Profile

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Derived from Allergy-Free Gardening OPALS™, Thomas Leo Ogren (2000)
♦ 2USDA Plants Database, U. S. Department of Agriculture
♦ 3Plants For A Future licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
♦ 4ECOFACT 2a Technical Annex - Ellenberg’s indicator values for British Plants, M O Hill, J O Mountford, D B Roy & R G H Bunce (1999)
♦ 5Kattge, J. et al. (2011b) TRY - a global database of plant traits Global Change Biology 17:2905-2935
♦ 6HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni AND Luis M. Hernández
♦ 7Biological Records Centre Database of Insects and their Food Plants
♦ 8Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 9Robertson, C. Flowers and insects lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty three flowers. 1929. The Science Press Printing Company Lancaster, PA.
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0