Fort Necessity National Battlefield

Location:Pennsylvania, United States
IUCN Category:III
Area:1,019 acres (413 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %20 %20 %10 %
Soil TypeDystric CambisolsLuvisolsAcrisolsGleysols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellPoor
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel10 %5 %9 %4 %
Sand41 %48 %49 %38 %
Silt39 %30 %27 %40 %
Clay20 %22 %24 %22 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamSandy clay loamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.45 %0.8 %1.03 %1.27 %
PH5.16.34.95.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity30 cmol kg⁻¹36 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation37 %91 %44 %82 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.1 cmol kg⁻¹9.4 cmol kg⁻¹2.9 cmol kg⁻¹8.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel20 %8 %7 %5 %
Sand45 %40 %39 %37 %
Silt35 %28 %24 %35 %
Clay20 %32 %37 %28 %
USDA TextureLoamClay loamClay loamClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.42 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.5 %0.35 %0.41 %0.42 %
PH5.26.44.96.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity36 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity9 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation33 %92 %28 %86 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.6 cmol kg⁻¹10.4 cmol kg⁻¹1.9 cmol kg⁻¹9.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263