Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Canidae > Canis > Canis mesomelasCanis mesomelas (Black-backed Jackal)Synonyms: Thos mesomelas The black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) is a canid native to two areas of Africa, separated by roughly 900 km. One region includes the southernmost tip of the continent, including South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. The other area is along the eastern coastline, including Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is listed by the IUCN as least concern, due to its widespread range and adaptability, although it is still persecuted as a livestock predator and rabies vector. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 3.59 EDGE Score: 1.52 |
Adult Weight [1] | 17.086 lbs (7.75 kg) | Birth Weight [2] | 159 grams | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Herbivore | Diet - Endothermic [3] | 30 % | Diet - Invertibrates [3] | 10 % | Diet - Plants [3] | 30 % | Diet - Scavenger [3] | 30 % | Forages - Ground [3] | 100 % | | Female Maturity [2] | 10 months 9 days | Male Maturity [2] | 8 months 11 days | | Gestation [2] | 60 days | Litter Size [2] | 4 | Litters / Year [2] | 1 | Maximum Longevity [2] | 17 years | Nocturnal [4] | Yes | Snout to Vent Length [5] | 29 inches (73 cm) | Weaning [2] | 60 days |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Albany thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Angolan Mopane woodlands |
Angola, Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests |
South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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East Sudanian savanna |
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eritrean coastal desert |
Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Etosha Pan halophytics |
Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Highveld grasslands |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Hobyo grasslands and shrublands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Itigi-Sumbu thicket |
Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands |
Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Kalahari xeric savanna |
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Kaokoveld desert |
Namibia, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Lowland fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Montane fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Nama Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Namibian savanna woodlands |
Angola, Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Serengeti volcanic grasslands |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Somali montane xeric woodlands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Africa bushveld |
Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Succulent Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Zambezian and Mopane woodlands |
South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Zambezian halophytics |
Mozambique, Botswana |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Cape Floristic Region |
South Africa |
No |
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Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
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Horn of Africa |
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Yemen |
No |
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Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
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Succulent Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
No |
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 16.3 Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas, A.J. Loveridge and J.A.J. Nel, Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x + 430 pp. ♦ 2de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 6Canis mesomelas, Lyle R. Walton and Damien O. Joly, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 715, pp. 19 (2003) ♦ 7The Namib: Detritus and Fog Dependence Scott Christy March 1st, 2006 ♦ 8Kori Bustard Species Survival Plan (Ardeotis kori) Husbandry Manual, Sara Hallager, Jeanette Boylan, September 2004 ♦ 9The Serengeti food web: empirical quantification and analysis of topological changes under increasing human impact, Sara N. de Visser, Bernd P. Freymann and Han Olff, Journal of Animal Ecology 2011, 80, 484–494 ♦ 10Bathyergus suillus (Rodentia: Bathyergidae), NIGEL C. BENNETT, CHRIS G. FAULKES, LEANNE HART, AND JENNIFER U. M. JARVIS, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 828:1–7 (2009) ♦ 11Cryptomys damarensis, Nigel C. Bennett and Jennifer U. M. Jarvis, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 756, pp. 15 (2004) ♦ 12Georychus capensis, Nigel C. Bennett, Sarita Maree, and Chris G. Faulkes, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 799, pp. 1-4 (2006) ♦ 13Gerbillurus paeba, Michael R. Perrin, Edith R. Dempster, and Colleen T. Downs, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 606, pp. 1-6 (1999) ♦ 14Madoqua guentheri, Steven C. Kingswood and Arlene T. Kumamoto, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 539, pp. 1-10 (1996) ♦ 15Madoqua kirkii, Steven C. Kingswood and Arlene T. Kumamoto, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 569, pp. 1-10 (1997) ♦ 16Otomys angoniensis, G. N. Bronner and J. A. J. Meester, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 306, pp. 1-6 (1988) ♦ 17Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 18Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 19International Flea Database♦ 20Nunn, C. L., and S. Altizer. 2005. The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An Online Resource for Infectious Disease Records in Wild Primates. Evolutionary Anthroplogy 14:1-2. Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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