World Species : Protected Area : Etosha National Park

Etosha National Park

Location:	Namibia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	5,699,141 acres (2,306,361 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	BSh (Climate: arid; Precipitation: steppe; Temperature: hot arid)

Ecoregions

Angolan Mopane woodlands
Etosha Pan halophytics
Namibian savanna woodlands

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C			D			E					F					G			H			I

Share	40 %	30 %	30 %	50 %	40 %	10 %	60 %	10 %	30 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	60 %	5 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	35 %	35 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	40 %	40 %	20 %	30 %	30 %	30 %	10 %
Soil Type	Ferralic Arenosols	Haplic Calcisols	Calcic Solonetz	Eutric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Leptosols	Ferralic Arenosols	Petric Calcisols	Petric Calcisols	Ferralic Arenosols	Haplic Calcisols	Calcic Solonetz	Ferralic Arenosols	Petric Calcisols	Haplic Arenosols	Luvic Calcisols	Petric Calcisols	Mollic Leptosols	Petric Calcisols	Haplic Arenosols	Luvic Calcisols	Petric Calcisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Mollic Leptosols	Petric Calcisols	Petric Calcisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Regosols	Petric Calcisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Well	Well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Well	Well	Somewhat excessive	Well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	100 m	100 m	50 mm	15 mm	50 mm	100 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	50 mm	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	50 mm	150 m	150 m	15 mm	100 m	100 m	150 m
Misc. Property								Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)	Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)					Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)			Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)		Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)			Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)					Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)	Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)				Petric (strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	0 %	0 %	0 %	55 %	20 %	55 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	20 %	6 %	1 %	6 %	5 %	0 %	20 %	1 %	10 %	2 %
Sand	95 %	87 %	85 %	69 %	43 %	69 %	95 %	92 %	74 %	95 %	87 %	85 %	95 %	92 %	94 %	87 %	81 %	68 %	54 %	94 %	87 %	81 %	43 %	75 %	65 %	68 %	54 %	69 %	43 %	90 %	81 %	61 %
Silt	2 %	4 %	6 %	27 %	29 %	27 %	2 %	5 %	6 %	2 %	4 %	6 %	2 %	5 %	2 %	5 %	10 %	23 %	28 %	2 %	5 %	10 %	29 %	14 %	20 %	23 %	28 %	9 %	29 %	7 %	14 %	24 %
Clay	3 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	28 %	4 %	3 %	3 %	20 %	3 %	9 %	9 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	8 %	9 %	9 %	18 %	4 %	8 %	9 %	28 %	11 %	15 %	9 %	18 %	22 %	28 %	3 %	5 %	15 %
USDA Texture	Sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Sand	Sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sand	Sand	Sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.79 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.69 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.69 g/cm³	1.79 g/cm³	1.78 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.79 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³	1.79 g/cm³	1.78 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.78 g/cm³	1.68 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.52 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.25 %	0.15 %	0.23 %	0.69 %	0.39 %	0.69 %	0.25 %	0.25 %	0.64 %	0.25 %	0.15 %	0.23 %	0.25 %	0.25 %	0.26 %	0.19 %	0.46 %	0.4 %	0.86 %	0.26 %	0.19 %	0.46 %	0.39 %	0.39 %	0.35 %	0.4 %	0.86 %	0.29 %	0.39 %	0.43 %	0.14 %	0.29 %
PH	7.3	9.9	8.5	8.5	7.5	8.5	7.3	6.9	8	7.3	9.9	8.5	7.3	6.9	8.1	8.7	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.1	8.7	8.4	7.5	7.9	8.6	8.2	8.3	8.4	7.5	7.9	8.8	8.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		14 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹		140 cmol kg⁻¹			14 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹		140 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	65 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹	66 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	62 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	0 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	93 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	94 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	0 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	5.6 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	1.7 %	3 %	2.3 %	3 %	3.1 %	3 %	1.7 %	8.2 %	6.7 %	1.7 %	3 %	2.3 %	1.7 %	8.2 %	2 %	9.1 %	8.5 %	9.3 %	25.1 %	2 %	9.1 %	8.5 %	3.1 %	2.2 %	3 %	9.3 %	25.1 %	4.8 %	3.1 %	2 %	3 %	10.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0.8 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.8 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	35 %	20 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	3 %	35 %	20 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	5 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	5 %	2 %	1 %	6 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	0 %
Electrical Conductivity	2.3 dS m-1	320 dS m-1	17.2 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	2.3 dS m-1	1.9 dS m-1	11.6 dS m-1	2.3 dS m-1	320 dS m-1	17.2 dS m-1	2.3 dS m-1	1.9 dS m-1	5 dS m-1	5.3 dS m-1	6.5 dS m-1	9.1 dS m-1	5.4 dS m-1	5 dS m-1	5.3 dS m-1	6.5 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	2.8 dS m-1	7.4 dS m-1	9.1 dS m-1	5.4 dS m-1	9.5 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	1 %	0 %	0 %	1 %		1 %	0 %	0 %	1 %			3 %		0 %	0 %		10 %	10 %	2 %
Sand	89 %	84 %	80 %				89 %	73 %	73 %	89 %	84 %	80 %	89 %	67 %	95 %	82 %	67 %		59 %	95 %	82 %	59 %			66 %		66 %	66 %		78 %	78 %	65 %
Silt	7 %	3 %	6 %				7 %	9 %	9 %	7 %	3 %	6 %	7 %	16 %	1 %	6 %	16 %		18 %	1 %	6 %	18 %			26 %		11 %	11 %		17 %	17 %	16 %
Clay	4 %	13 %	14 %				4 %	18 %	18 %	4 %	13 %	14 %	4 %	17 %	4 %	12 %	17 %		23 %	4 %	12 %	23 %			8 %		23 %	23 %		5 %	5 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam				Sand	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Sandy loam		Sandy clay loam	Sand	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam			Sandy loam		Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam		Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.73 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³				1.73 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³			1.59 g/cm³		1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³		1.68 g/cm³	1.68 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.56 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³				1.56 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³			1.44 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³		1.26 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.11 %	0.05 %	0.19 %				0.11 %	0.32 %	0.32 %	0.11 %	0.05 %	0.19 %	0.11 %	0.25 %	0.18 %	0.13 %	0.25 %		0.37 %	0.18 %	0.13 %	0.37 %			0.47 %		0.3 %	0.3 %		0.06 %	0.06 %	0.37 %
PH	6.3	9.8	8.8				6.3	7.8	7.8	6.3	9.8	8.8	6.3	8.4	7.6	8.9	8.4		8.1	7.6	8.9	8.1			8.6		8.6	8.6		8.9	8.9	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	0 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹				0 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹		29 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹			65 cmol kg⁻¹		93 cmol kg⁻¹	93 cmol kg⁻¹		91 cmol kg⁻¹	91 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	0 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹				0 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	0 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹		8 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹			7 cmol kg⁻¹		22 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	80 %	100 %	100 %				80 %	94 %	94 %	80 %	100 %	100 %	80 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %		100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %			100 %		100 %	100 %		100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹					2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹		4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹		7 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹		8 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹			7 cmol kg⁻¹		22 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹		5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.6 %	10.5 %	13.7 %				0.6 %	20.3 %	20.3 %	0.6 %	10.5 %	13.7 %	0.6 %	33 %	1.7 %	11.4 %	33 %		26.3 %	1.7 %	11.4 %	26.3 %			3 %		5.5 %	5.5 %		3 %	3 %	15.5 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	5 %	0.1 %				0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	5 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %		0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %			0.1 %		0.1 %	0.1 %		0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	100 %	47 %				4 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	100 %	47 %	4 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	3 %		4 %	2 %	1 %	4 %			2 %		6 %	6 %		1 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	319.1 dS m-1	39.9 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1	4.7 dS m-1	4.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	319.1 dS m-1	39.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	4.1 dS m-1	2.4 dS m-1	7.9 dS m-1	4.1 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	2.4 dS m-1	7.9 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1			8.6 dS m-1		9.4 dS m-1	9.4 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263