World Species : Protected Area : Nechisar National Park

Nechisar National Park

Location:	Ethiopia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	256,137 acres (103,655 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Ethiopian montane forests
Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
Ethiopian montane moorlands
Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B					C				D				E			F			G	H				I	J

Share	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	50 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	60 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	40 %	30 %	20 %	10 %	50 %	40 %	10 %	40 %	40 %	20 %		40 %	40 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Eutric Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Nitisols	Eutric Vertisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Humic Nitisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Humic Nitisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Leptosols	Vertic Luvisols	Humic Nitisols	Chromic Luvisols	Humic Nitisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Fluvisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Vertisols	Humic Nitisols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	50 mm	150 m	150 m	125 m	15 mm	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	125 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m
Misc. Property				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)													Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	31 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	32 %	31 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	32 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	32 %	1 %	31 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	32 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	32 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	50 %	51 %	45 %	21 %	43 %	50 %	51 %	44 %	24 %	43 %	51 %	24 %	44 %	43 %	51 %	50 %	32 %	24 %	51 %	24 %	43 %	21 %	44 %	43 %	21 %	21 %	24 %	51 %	43 %	44 %	44 %
Silt	30 %	22 %	24 %	25 %	29 %	30 %	22 %	33 %	27 %	29 %	22 %	27 %	33 %	29 %	22 %	30 %	26 %	27 %	22 %	27 %	29 %	25 %	33 %	33 %	25 %	25 %	27 %	22 %	29 %	33 %	33 %
Clay	20 %	27 %	31 %	54 %	28 %	20 %	27 %	23 %	49 %	28 %	27 %	49 %	23 %	28 %	27 %	20 %	42 %	49 %	27 %	49 %	28 %	54 %	23 %	24 %	54 %	54 %	49 %	27 %	28 %	23 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.18 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.72 %	0.63 %	0.95 %	1.07 %	0.39 %	0.72 %	0.63 %	0.73 %	2.45 %	0.39 %	0.63 %	2.45 %	0.73 %	0.39 %	0.63 %	0.72 %	0.82 %	2.45 %	0.63 %	2.45 %	0.39 %	1.07 %	0.73 %	0.7 %	1.07 %	1.07 %	2.45 %	0.63 %	0.39 %	0.73 %	0.73 %
PH	6.5	6.4	5.5	6.9	7.5	6.5	6.4	7	5.3	7.5	6.4	5.3	7	7.5	6.4	6.5	6.9	5.3	6.4	5.3	7.5	6.9	7	7.2	6.9	6.9	5.3	6.4	7.5	7	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	49 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	87 %	85 %	65 %	100 %	100 %	87 %	85 %	91 %	27 %	100 %	85 %	27 %	91 %	100 %	85 %	87 %	96 %	27 %	85 %	27 %	100 %	100 %	91 %	94 %	100 %	100 %	27 %	85 %	100 %	91 %	91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12.7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	12.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12.2 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	3.1 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.8 %	0 %	3.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.8 %	3.1 %	0 %	0.2 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.1 %	0.4 %	0.8 %	3.7 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	3.1 %	0.8 %	0.8 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		1 %	1 %	1 %			1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %		1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %		1 %	1 %
Sand		45 %	34 %	20 %			45 %	46 %	18 %		45 %	18 %	46 %		45 %		27 %	18 %	45 %	18 %		20 %	46 %	44 %	20 %	20 %	18 %	45 %		46 %	46 %
Silt		21 %	21 %	24 %			21 %	31 %	21 %		21 %	21 %	31 %		21 %		23 %	21 %	21 %	21 %		24 %	31 %	32 %	24 %	24 %	21 %	21 %		31 %	31 %
Clay		34 %	45 %	56 %			34 %	23 %	61 %		34 %	61 %	23 %		34 %		50 %	61 %	34 %	61 %		56 %	23 %	24 %	56 %	56 %	61 %	34 %		23 %	23 %
USDA Texture		Clay loam	Clay	Clay			Clay loam	Loam	Clay (heavy)		Clay loam	Clay (heavy)	Loam		Clay loam		Clay	Clay (heavy)	Clay loam	Clay (heavy)		Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay (heavy)	Clay loam		Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.33 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³			1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³		1.24 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³		1.21 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.5 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³			1.5 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³		1.58 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³		1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.35 %	0.34 %	0.56 %			0.35 %	0.32 %	0.96 %		0.35 %	0.96 %	0.32 %		0.35 %		0.5 %	0.96 %	0.35 %	0.96 %		0.56 %	0.32 %	0.36 %	0.56 %	0.56 %	0.96 %	0.35 %		0.32 %	0.32 %
PH		6.5	5.4	7.5			6.5	7.3	5.4		6.5	5.4	7.3		6.5		7.1	5.4	6.5	5.4		7.5	7.3	7.6	7.5	7.5	5.4	6.5		7.3	7.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		31 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹			31 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹		31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹		31 cmol kg⁻¹		51 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹		70 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹		49 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹		12 cmol kg⁻¹		27 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		84 %	69 %	100 %			84 %	94 %	29 %		84 %	29 %	94 %		84 %		96 %	29 %	84 %	29 %		100 %	94 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	29 %	84 %		94 %	94 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		10.1 cmol kg⁻¹	4.8 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹			10.1 cmol kg⁻¹	12.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹		10.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12.2 cmol kg⁻¹		10.1 cmol kg⁻¹		25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10.1 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹		41 cmol kg⁻¹	12.2 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10.1 cmol kg⁻¹		12.2 cmol kg⁻¹	12.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0.1 %	0 %	1.4 %			0.1 %	1.8 %	0 %		0.1 %	0 %	1.8 %		0.1 %		0.9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		1.4 %	1.8 %	4.2 %	1.4 %	1.4 %	0 %	0.1 %		1.8 %	1.8 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %	0.1 %			0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0.1 %		0 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %		0.1 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium		1 %	3 %	2 %			1 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	1 %	2 %		1 %		2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %		2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity		0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1			0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1		0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263