Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Lagomorpha > Leporidae > Lepus > Lepus timidusLepus timidus (Mountain Hare)Synonyms: Lepus hibernicus; Lepus lutescens; Lepus othus tschuktschorum; Lepus timidus tschuktschorum; Lepus variabilis The mountain hare (Lepus timidus), also known as blue hare, tundra hare, variable hare, white hare, snow hare, alpine hare and Irish hare, is a hare that is largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 5.06 EDGE Score: 1.8 |
Adult Weight [1] | 9.204 lbs (4.175 kg) | Birth Weight [1] | 108 grams | | Diet [2] | Herbivore | Diet - Plants [2] | 100 % | Forages - Ground [2] | 100 % | | Female Maturity [1] | 8 months 26 days | | Gestation [1] | 50 days | Litter Size [1] | 2 | Litters / Year [1] | 2 | Maximum Longevity [1] | 18 years | Nocturnal [3] | Yes | Snout to Vent Length [4] | 22 inches (56 cm) | Weaning [1] | 23 days |
|
Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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Altai alpine meadow and tundra |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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|
|
Altai montane forest and forest steppe |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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|
|
Altai steppe and semi-desert |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
|
Amur meadow steppe |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
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Bering tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Celtic broadleaf forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Central Asian northern desert |
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Chukchi Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Daurian forest steppe |
China, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests |
Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Yugoslavia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
East Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Emin Valley steppe |
China, Kazakstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Great Lakes Basin desert steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Hokkaido deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Hokkaido montane conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Honshu alpine conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Italy, France |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Junggar Basin semi-desert |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Kamchatka-Kurile taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh forest steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh semi-desert |
Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kazakh upland |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Khangai Mountains alpine meadow |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Khangai Mountains conifer forests |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Kola Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Nihonkai montane deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
North Atlantic moist mixed forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northeast Siberian coastal tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Northeast Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests |
France, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Po Basin mixed forests |
Italy |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Pontic steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sakhalin Island taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sayan Intermontane steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sayan montane conifer forests |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
South Siberian forest steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal conifer forests |
Russia, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Ural montane forests and tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
West Siberian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Western Siberian hemiboreal forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Yamal-Gydan tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Abeli |
|
8093 |
Latvia |
|
|
|
|
Adamello Presanella |
|
69894 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Adutiskis-Svyla-Birveta wetland complex |
|
17003 |
Lithuania |
|
|
|
|
Alpe di Cavallaccio nel Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio |
|
8691 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alpi Carniche |
|
48186 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alpi Giulie |
|
44561 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alpi Marittime |
|
83205 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alpi Veglia e Devero - Monte Giove |
|
37357 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alta Valsesia e Valli Otro, Vogna, Gronda, Artogna e Sorba |
|
46789 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alte Valli Pesio e Tanaro |
|
27869 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Alte Valli Stura e Maira |
|
103806 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Altopiano dei Sette Comuni |
|
37036 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Ambienti glaciali del Gruppo del Monte Rosa |
|
21362 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Bagni di Masino - Pizzo Badile - Val di Mello - Val Torrone - Piano di Preda Rossa |
|
23828 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Baikalskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
458883 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
924970 |
Buryatia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Beinn Bhan |
|
10332 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Beinn a`Ghlo |
|
19978 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
218515 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
Ben Lawers |
|
12423 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Ben Nevis |
|
23023 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Ben Wyvis |
|
13313 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Bialowieza National Park |
II |
11126 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Brenta |
|
73487 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Caenlochan |
|
12860 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Cairngorms |
|
142543 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Cairnsmore of Fleet, Silver Flowe, and Merrick Kells Biosphere Reserve |
|
8794 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands |
|
354692 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Darvinsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
278421 |
Yaroslavl, Vologda, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Dolomiti Feltrine e Bellunesi |
|
77549 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Dolomiti Friulane |
|
90787 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Dolomiti del Cadore e del Comelico |
|
173952 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Drumochter Hills |
|
23340 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Fannich Hills |
|
23816 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Foinaven |
|
36684 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Glen Tanar |
|
10329 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Hoy |
|
23474 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Inverpolly |
|
29349 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Katmai National Park and Preserve |
Ib |
421782 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Katunsky Biosphere Reserve |
|
393162 |
Altai, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Khopersky Zapovednik |
Ia |
47103 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kivach Zapovednik |
IV |
26885 |
Karelia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Koiva-Mustjõe |
|
9183 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
Kostomukshsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
117269 |
Karelia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kronotskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
361480 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Lacines - Catena del Monteneve nel Parco Naturale Gruppo di Tessa |
|
20003 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Ladder Hills |
|
10769 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Lagorai |
|
114140 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Loch Maree Complex |
|
38882 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Luitemaa |
|
31929 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
Merrick Kells |
|
21494 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Monadhliath |
|
26369 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Mont Avic e Mont Emilius |
|
77947 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Monte Rosa |
|
21095 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Monte di Scerscen - Ghiacciai di Scerscen - Monte Motta |
|
23885 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Moorfoot Hills |
|
21001 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Moray Firth |
|
373987 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
North Pennine Moors |
|
254789 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
190748 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Orsiera Rocciavré |
|
27095 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Ortles - Monte Madaccio nel Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio |
|
10349 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Augustowska |
|
264573 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Suwalska |
|
15690 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Wigierska |
|
39715 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Otepää |
|
56325 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
Parco Naturale Adamello |
|
53676 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Naturale Dolomiti di Sesto |
|
29386 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Naturale Fanes - Senes - Braies |
|
62896 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Naturale Vedrette di Ries - Aurina |
|
77376 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso |
|
175751 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio National Park |
V |
333737 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Regionale Orobie Bergamasche |
|
121015 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Parco Regionale Orobie Valtellinesi |
|
56377 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
3098091 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Perämeren saaret |
|
17633 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve |
IV |
12219 |
Moscow, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Bialowieska |
|
156041 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
River Spey |
|
14158 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Ronas Hill – North Roe |
|
12110 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Sayano-Shushenskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
964620 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Sikhote-Alinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
978001 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Silene |
|
9452 |
Latvia |
|
|
|
|
Sokhondinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
521363 |
Chita, Russia |
|
|
|
|
South Pennine Moors |
|
160577 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Stelvio |
|
39831 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Strathglass Complex |
|
58277 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Taimyrsky Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
4403240 |
Taimyr, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Lesnoy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
62630 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tsentral'no-Sibirskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
2521510 |
Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Ultimo - Solda nel Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio |
|
69162 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Val Ferret |
|
22437 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Val Grande |
|
29294 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Val Troncea |
|
25032 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Val di Fosse nel Parco Naturale Gruppo di Tessa |
|
24926 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Val di Togno - Pizzo Scalino |
|
7784 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Valle di Funes - Sas De Putia - Rasciesa nel Parco Naturale Puez-Odle |
|
12993 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Visimskiy Zapovednik Biosphere Reserve |
|
443816 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
95835 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Japan |
Japan |
No |
|
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
Mountains of Central Asia |
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
No |
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 3Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 5Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 6Golden Eagles on the Swedish mountain tundra diet and breeding success in relation to prey fluctuations, Jesper Nyström, Johan Ekenstedt, Anders Angerbjörn, Linda Thulin, Peter Hellström & Love Dalén, Ornis Fennica 83:145152. 2006 ♦ 7Martes zibellina (Carnivora: Mustelidae), VLADIMIR G. MONAKHOV, MAMMALIAN SPECIES 43(876):75–86 (2011) ♦ 8Predatorprey relationships: arctic foxes and lemmings, Anders Angerbjorn, Magnus Tannerfeldt and Sam Erlinge, Journal of Animal Ecology, Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 34-49 ♦ 9International Flea Database♦ 10Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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