World Species : Protected Area : Alpi Giulie

Alpi Giulie

Location:	Italy
Area:	44,561 acres (18,033 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Alps conifer and mixed forests
Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Po Basin mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B				C			D

Share	30 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	45 %	30 %	25 %	40 %	20 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Umbric Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Rendzic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	30 cm	30 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	50 mm	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 mm	15 mm	50 mm
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony			Lithic	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle								None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer								None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime								Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	21 %	21 %	21 %	6 %	16 %	16 %	21 %	9 %	9 %	9 %	4 %	16 %	21 %	16 %
Sand	42 %	42 %	42 %	49 %	37 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	37 %	42 %	37 %
Silt	34 %	34 %	34 %	31 %	44 %	44 %	34 %	36 %	36 %	36 %	37 %	44 %	34 %	44 %
Clay	24 %	24 %	24 %	20 %	19 %	19 %	24 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	19 %	24 %	19 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.61 %	1.61 %	1.61 %	2.4 %	2.13 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	0.74 %	2.13 %	1.61 %	2.13 %
PH	7.5	7.5	7.5	5.1	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	36 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	93 %	93 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	3.9 %	3.9 %	0 %	6 %	6 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	6 %	3.9 %	6 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	3 %	4 %	2 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel								12 %	12 %	12 %	3 %
Sand								41 %	41 %	41 %	37 %
Silt								34 %	34 %	34 %	34 %
Clay								25 %	25 %	25 %	29 %
USDA Texture								Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density								1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density								1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon								0.37 %	0.37 %	0.37 %	0.36 %
PH								7	7	7	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity								55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity								15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation								93 %	93 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases								15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate								0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate								0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium								2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity								0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263