Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Rodentia > Sciuridae > Spermophilus > Spermophilus citellusSpermophilus citellus (European ground squirrel)Synonyms: Citellus citellus; Citellus citellus balcanicus; Citellus citellus thracius; Citellus superciliosus; Mus citellus (homotypic); Spermophilus gradojevici; Spermophilus istricus; Spermophilus karamani; Spermophilus laskarevi The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus), also known as the European souslik, is a species from the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It and the speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus) are the only European representatives of the genus Spermophilus. Like all squirrels, it is a member of the rodent order. It is to be found throughout eastern Europe from southern Ukraine, to Asia Minor, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia and north as far as Poland but the range is divided in two parts by the Carpathian Mountains. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 3.44 EDGE Score: 2.88 |
Adult Weight [1] | 217 grams | | Diet [2] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore, Herbivore | Diet - Invertibrates [2] | 20 % | Diet - Plants [2] | 40 % | Diet - Seeds [2] | 40 % | Forages - Ground [2] | 100 % | | Female Maturity [1] | 10 months 14 days | Male Maturity [1] | 10 months 14 days | | Gestation [1] | 27 days | Litter Size [1] | 6 | Litters / Year [1] | 1 | Maximum Longevity [1] | 7 years | Snout to Vent Length [3] | 12 inches (30 cm) | Weaning [1] | 34 days |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Balkan mixed forests |
Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Carpathian montane forests |
Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Pontic steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Rodope montane mixed forests |
Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 4Comparison of Saker Falcon Falco cherrug Prédation during and after the
Breeding Period, János Bagyura, László Haraszthy, Sándor Gróf and Iván Demeter, Chancellor, R. D. & B.-U. Meyburg eds. 2004 Raptors Worldwide, p. 673-677 ♦ 5International Flea Database♦ 6Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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