Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Charadriiformes > Laridae > Larus > Larus fuscusLarus fuscus (Lesser Black-backed Gull)Language: French; Spanish Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 1.2652 EDGE Score: 0.817661 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 1.817 lbs (824 g) | | Birth Weight [3] | 58 grams | | Female Weight [3] | 1.894 lbs (859 g) | | Male Weight [3] | 2.154 lbs (977 g) | | Weight Dimorphism [3] | 13.7 % |  | | Breeding Habitat [2] | Beaches and estuaries, Wetlands | | Wintering Geography [2] | Widespread | | Wintering Habitat [2] | Beaches and estuaries, Coastal marine, Freshwater lakes and rivers | | | Diet [4] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Piscivore, Frugivore | | Diet - Endothermic [4] | 20 % | | Diet - Fish [4] | 30 % | | Diet - Fruit [4] | 10 % | | Diet - Invertibrates [4] | 30 % | | Diet - Scavenger [4] | 10 % | | Forages - Ground [4] | 30 % | | Forages - Water Surface [4] | 30 % | | Forages - Underwater [4] | 40 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 2 | | Clutches / Year [6] | 1 | | Fledging [3] | 40 days | | Incubation [6] | 25 days | | Mating System [9] | Monogamy | | Maximum Longevity [5] | 35 years | | Migration [8] | Intercontinental | | Speed [10] | 29.304 MPH (13.1 m/s) | | Wing Span [10] | 4.395 feet (1.34 m) | | | Female Maturity [5] | 4 years | | Male Maturity [5] | 4 years |
|
| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Albertine Rift montane forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Aldabra Island xeric scrub |
Seychelles |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Angolan Miombo woodlands |
Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert |
Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantic coastal desert |
Mauritania, Western Sahara |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantic coastal pine barrens |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests |
Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantic mixed forests |
France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Baltic mixed forests |
Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Bermuda subtropical conifer forests |
United Kingdom |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Caledon conifer forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Cantabrian mixed forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests |
Iran, Azerbaijan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Celtic broadleaf forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Central African mangroves |
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Cross-Niger transition forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
East African mangroves |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
East African montane forests |
Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
East Sudanian savanna |
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Guinean forests |
Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Togo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests |
Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Syria |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
English Lowlands beech forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane forests |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane moorlands |
Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Everglades |
United States |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
Faroe Islands boreal grasslands |
Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Florida sand pine scrub |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Granitic Seychelles forests |
Seychelles |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Guinean forest-savanna mosaic |
Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Guinean mangroves |
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert |
Oman, United Arab Emirates |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Hobyo grasslands and shrublands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra |
Iceland |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna |
Mali |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Italy, France |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Itigi-Sumbu thicket |
Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Knysna-Amatole montane forests |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Kola Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Chad flooded savanna |
Nigeria, Chad, Niger |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets |
Morocco, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests |
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe |
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Mediterranean woodlands and forests |
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Middle Atlantic coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
New England-Acadian forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Nile Delta flooded savanna |
Egypt |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
North Atlantic moist mixed forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
North Saharan steppe and woodlands |
Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Northeastern coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests |
France, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
|
Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert |
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert |
Egypt, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sahara desert |
Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Algeria, Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Saharan flooded grasslands |
Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
|
Sahelian Acacia savanna |
Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
|
Serengeti volcanic grasslands |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Socotra Island xeric shrublands |
Yemen |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Somali montane xeric woodlands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
South Florida rocklands |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
South Saharan steppe and woodlands |
Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southeastern conifer forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Southeastern mixed forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Africa mangroves |
South Africa, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra |
South Africa, France, Australia |
Antarctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Morocco |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna |
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
West Sudanian savanna |
Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Gabon, Congo, Democratic Rep of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Guinean lowland forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Zambezian and Mopane woodlands |
South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands |
Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Zambezian coastal flooded savanna |
Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Aleutian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
|
2720489 |
Alaska, United States |
|
 |
|
|
|
Alsó-Tisza-völgy |
|
88306 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Archipel de Glénan |
|
145273 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
167827 |
Astrakhan, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Badies de Pollença i Alcúdia |
|
75991 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Baie de Morlaix |
|
67680 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Baie du Mont Saint Michel |
|
117800 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Banc d'Arguin National Park |
II |
2949017 |
Mauritania |
|
|
|
|
|
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Biosphere Reserve National Park |
II |
218515 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
|
Berezinskiy Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
209113 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
|
Berwickshire and North Northumberland Coast |
|
160731 |
England/Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Borkum-Riffgrund |
|
154559 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
CAMPIÑAS DE SEVILLA |
|
88303 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Camargue |
|
546256 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Cardigan Bay/ Bae Ceredigion |
|
236876 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve |
|
310228 |
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Chausey |
|
203679 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Costa Sudoeste |
|
183883 |
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
|
Crau |
|
97194 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
DELTA ACHELOOU, LIMNOTHALASSA MESOLONGIOU - AITOLIKOU, EKVOLES EVINOU, NISOI ECHINADES, NISOS PETALA |
|
87747 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
DOÑANA |
|
281453 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Darvinsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
278421 |
Yaroslavl, Vologda, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Doggerbank |
|
419820 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Dolina Dolnej Wisly |
|
82926 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Dolina Srodkowej Wisly |
|
76054 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
EMBALSE DE ORELLANA Y SIERRA DE PELA |
|
105291 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Emine |
|
164580 |
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
Estuaire de la Loire - Baie de Bourgneuf |
|
198183 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Estuário do Tejo |
|
110634 |
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
|
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék |
|
103542 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary |
IV |
2387149 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve |
|
925242 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Gorges de la Loire |
|
145350 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Gorges de la Sioule |
|
64420 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Haut Val d'Allier |
|
145560 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Humber Estuary |
|
90582 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
KOILADA KAI EKVOLES SPERCHEIOU - MALIAKOS KOLPOS |
|
117491 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Kevo |
|
176448 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Khazar Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
658105 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az õrjegi turjánvidék |
|
88335 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
Kura kurgu |
|
476839 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
LA SERENA Y SIERRAS PERIFÉRICAS |
|
379806 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
LIMNES KAI LIMNOTHALASSES TIS THRAKIS - EVRYTERI PERIOCHI KAI PARAKTIA ZONI |
|
72787 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
LITTORAL SEINO-MARIN |
|
367957 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Lahemaa |
|
183898 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Torne Area Biosphere Reserve |
|
238457 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Long Point Biosphere Reserve |
|
100325 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Marchesato e Fiume Neto |
|
173480 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Merenkurkun saaristo |
|
316695 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Mor Braz |
|
99524 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Moray Firth |
|
373987 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Morecambe Bay |
|
151985 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Kulal Biosphere Reserve |
|
1729738 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
|
Muddus |
|
124105 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
NOTIA MANI |
|
78232 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
NOTIODYTIKI CHERSONISOS, APOLITHOMENO DASOS LESVOU |
|
71214 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve |
|
470167 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Karelian Biosphere Reserve |
|
864869 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
OROS OCHI, PARAKTIA ZONI KAI NISIDES |
|
82497 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
190748 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Ostoja Slowinska |
|
79446 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Ouessant-Molène |
|
190983 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
PERTUIS CHARENTAIS - ROCHEBONNE |
|
2024431 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Pallas-Ounastunturi |
|
146845 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
Parc National de la Lopé National Park |
|
1227419 |
Gabon |
|
|
|
|
|
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano National Park |
|
551095 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
Pays des Couzes |
|
128132 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
3098091 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Pembrokeshire Marine/ Sir Benfro Forol |
|
341177 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Pen Llyn a`r Sarnau/ Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau |
|
360832 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Kampinoska Biosphere Reserve |
|
188373 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
Pärnu lahe |
|
270781 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
Queen Elizabeth National Park |
II |
522052 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
|
|
Ramsar-Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete |
|
1146339 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
SPA Pommersche Bucht |
|
495241 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
SPA Östliche Deutsche Bucht |
|
774707 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Sakar |
|
310629 |
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve |
|
319164 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Secteur marin de l'île d'Yeu jusqu'au continent |
|
606421 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
Seevogelschutzgebiet Helgoland |
|
398663 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve |
|
5696026 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Serrà d'Espadà |
|
161443 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren |
|
182155 |
England/Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve |
|
6626477 |
Yemen |
|
|
|
|
|
South Pennine Moors |
|
160577 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Strandzha |
|
285202 |
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
Suha Reka |
|
63678 |
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
Sylter Außenriff |
|
1313190 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Tsavo National Park |
II |
3232255 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
|
Tête de Canyon du Cap Ferret |
|
903514 |
France |
|
|
|
|
|
VALLE DEL TIÉTAR |
|
159079 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
Väinamere |
|
670389 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
Võrtsjärve |
|
73464 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
Waddensea Area Nature Reserve with Management Subsidy |
IV |
600666 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
Waddensea of Lower Saxony Biosphere Reserve |
|
539522 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Waddensea of Schleswig-Holstein Biosphere Reserve |
|
724639 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
Waddenzee |
|
672193 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
West Estonian Archipelago Biosphere Reserve |
|
3854844 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
l'Albufera |
|
72366 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Abdullah Gharib lagoons |
Yemen |
A4i, B1i, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Ailsa Craig |
United Kingdom |
A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
|
Al Batinah coast |
Oman |
A4i, B1i |
|
|
|
|
Albufeira do Caia |
Portugal |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Alde: Ore Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Almorness Point and Hestan Island |
United Kingdom |
B3 |
|
|
|
|
Archipel de Molène |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B3, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Archipel des Glénan |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Archipel des Sept-Iles |
France |
A4ii, A4iii, B1ii, B2, B3, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Baie d'Ad Dakhla |
Morocco |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Baies de Morlaix et de Carantec |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Banc d'Arguin National Park |
Mauritania |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Barr al Hikman |
Oman |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Berezovye islands of Vyborg Bay |
Russia (European) |
A4i, A4iii, B1i |
|
|
|
|
Björn archipelago |
Sweden |
A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Blasket Islands |
Ireland |
A4ii, A4iii, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Bowland Fells |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Cádiz bay |
Spain |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Cap Blanc |
Mauritania |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Cap Gris-nez |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
|
Cardigan Island |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, B3, C3 |
|
|
|
|
Dakhla area |
Morocco |
A3, A4i |
|
|
|
|
Delta du Saloum |
Senegal |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Dolgy Reef and Bol'shoi Fiskar archipelagos |
Russia (European) |
B1i, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Duqm |
Oman |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Estuaire de la Canche |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Farne Islands |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Firth of Forth |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Firth of Forth Islands |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C |
|
|
|
|
Fuente de Piedra, Gosque and Campillos lakes |
Spain |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Golfe du Morbihan et Etier de Penerf |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Hirsholmene |
Denmark |
A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Horse Island |
United Kingdom |
B3 |
|
|
|
|
Ile d'Ouessant |
France |
B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Iles Saint Marcouf |
France |
B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Inishtrahull |
Ireland |
B2, B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes and Prado lagoon |
Spain |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Isles of Scilly |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Itäinen Suomenlahti National Park |
Finland |
B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Keski-Kallavesi and Kuhanen Lake |
Finland |
B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Kjørholmane seabird reserve |
Norway |
A4i, B1i, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Kokkola and Kälviä archipelago |
Finland |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Krunnit archipelago |
Finland |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Lista wetland system |
Norway |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Little Cumbrae Island |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, B3, C3 |
|
|
|
|
Littoral Augeron |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
|
Magharee Islands, Mucklaghmore and Illaunbarnagh |
Ireland |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Masirah island |
Oman |
A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Merenkurkku archipelago |
Finland |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B1iv, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Morecambe Bay |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Nordre Rønner |
Denmark |
B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Northwestern Kattegat |
Denmark |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Oura and Enskeri archipelagos |
Finland |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Outer Stockholm archipelago |
Sweden |
A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Pela mountain range-Orellana reservoir-Zorita |
Spain |
A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Rahja archipelago |
Finland |
B1i, B2, B3, C3 |
|
|
|
|
Ras al Hadd |
Oman |
A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Ribble and Alt Estuaries |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Salalah Bird Sanctuary |
Oman |
A4i, B1i, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Saltee Islands |
Ireland |
B2, B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Schiermonnikoog |
Netherlands |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Severn Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Skjernøy, South Skerries |
Norway |
A4i, B1i, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Skokholm and Skomer |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C |
|
|
|
|
Southern coast of the Neva bay |
Russia (European) |
A4i, B1i |
|
|
|
|
Stavnsfjord and adjacent waters |
Denmark |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B3, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
|
Strait of Gibraltar |
Gibraltar (to UK) |
A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, C1, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
|
Tanji River (Karinti) Bird Reserve |
Gambia |
A1, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Terschelling: De Boschplaat |
Netherlands |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Texel: Dunes and Hors |
Netherlands |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
The Archipelago of Nothern Hälsingland |
Sweden |
B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Upper Solway Flats and Marshes |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Uusikaarlepyy archipelago |
Finland |
B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
Vlieland |
Netherlands |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Ørkenen and Totten (Anholt Island) |
Denmark |
B3, C7 |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Caucasus |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania |
No |
|
|
|
Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
|
|
|
Guinean Forests of West Africa |
Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo |
No |
|
|
|
Horn of Africa |
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Yemen |
No |
|
|
|
Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles |
No |
|
|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
|
|
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 6British Trust for Ornithology♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 9Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 10Alerstam T, Rosén M, Bäckman J, Ericson PGP, Hellgren O (2007) Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects. PLoS Biol 5(8): e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197 ♦ 11Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 12Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 13International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
|