Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Charadriiformes > Charadriidae > Charadrius > Charadrius hiaticulaCharadrius hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover)Synonyms: Charadrus hiaticula The common ringed plover or ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) is a small plover that breeds in Arctic Eurasia. The genus name Charadrius is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek kharadrios a bird found in ravines and river valleys (kharadra, "ravine"). The specific hiaticula is Latin and has a similar meaning to the Greek term, coming from hiatus, "cleft" and -cola, "dweller" (colere, "to dwell"). |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 15.286 EDGE Score: 2.79031 |
Adult Weight [1] | 64 grams | Birth Weight [3] | 10.9 grams | | Breeding Habitat [2] | Arctic tundra | Wintering Geography [2] | Paleotropics | Wintering Habitat [2] | Beaches and estuaries | | Diet [4] | Carnivore (Invertebrates) | Diet - Invertibrates [4] | 100 % | Forages - Ground [4] | 100 % | | Clutch Size [8] | 4 | Clutches / Year [7] | 2 | Fledging [5] | 24 days | Global Population (2017 est.) [2] | 910,000 | Incubation [7] | 24 days | Mating System [3] | Monogamy | Maximum Longevity [6] | 21 years | Migration [9] | Intercontinental | Speed [10] | 43.62 MPH (19.5 m/s) | Wing Span [10] | 16 inches (.41 m) | | Female Maturity [6] | 1 year | Male Maturity [6] | 1 year |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Albany thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Albertine Rift montane forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Aldabra Island xeric scrub |
Seychelles |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Angolan Miombo woodlands |
Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Angola |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Angolan Mopane woodlands |
Angola, Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Angolan Scarp savanna and woodlands |
Angola |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands |
Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Egypt , Iraq, Jordan, Syria |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert |
Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Arctic desert |
Norway, Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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|
|
|
Atlantic coastal desert |
Mauritania, Western Sahara |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
|
Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests |
Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
Atlantic mixed forests |
France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
|
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe |
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Baffin coastal tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
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|
|
Baltic mixed forests |
Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Bering tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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|
|
|
Borneo lowland rain forests |
Indonesia, Malaysia |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
Borneo peat swamp forests |
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Caledon conifer forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cameroonian Highlands forests |
Cameroon, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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|
|
Cantabrian mixed forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
|
Cape Verde Islands dry forests |
Cape Verde |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests |
Iran, Azerbaijan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Celtic broadleaf forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Central African mangroves |
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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|
|
Central Congolian lowland forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
|
|
Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Changbai Mountains mixed forests |
China, Dem. People's Rep of Korea |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Chukchi Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Comoros forests |
Comoros |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cross-Niger transition forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Cyprus Mediterranean forests |
Cyprus |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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|
|
Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
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Davis Highlands tundra |
Canada |
Nearctic |
Tundra |
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|
|
Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests |
South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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East African halophytics |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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East African mangroves |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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East African montane forests |
Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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East African montane moorlands |
Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
|
East Saharan montane xeric woodlands |
Chad, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
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East Sudanian savanna |
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
|
|
Eastern Arc forests |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Eastern Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
Eastern Guinean forests |
Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Togo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
|
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests |
Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Syria |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Eastern Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
English Lowlands beech forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Eritrean coastal desert |
Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane forests |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian montane moorlands |
Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Etosha Pan halophytics |
Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Faroe Islands boreal grasslands |
Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Granitic Seychelles forests |
Seychelles |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Guinean forest-savanna mosaic |
Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Guinean mangroves |
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
Guinean montane forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert |
Oman, United Arab Emirates |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Highveld grasslands |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Hobyo grasslands and shrublands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra |
Iceland |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna |
Mali |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Italy, France |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Itigi-Sumbu thicket |
Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands |
Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kalahari xeric savanna |
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Kaokoveld desert |
Namibia, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Knysna-Amatole montane forests |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Kola Peninsula tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Lake Chad flooded savanna |
Nigeria, Chad, Niger |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Lowland fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Madagascar dry deciduous forests |
Madagascar |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Madagascar lowland forests |
Madagascar |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Madagascar mangroves |
Madagascar |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
Madagascar spiny thickets |
Madagascar |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Madagascar succulent woodlands |
Madagascar |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
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Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Mandara Plateau mosaic |
Cameroon, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Mascarene forests |
France, Mauritius |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets |
Morocco, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests |
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe |
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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|
|
Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe |
Morocco |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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Mediterranean woodlands and forests |
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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|
Mesopotamian shrub desert |
Iraq, Syria, Jordan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
|
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Montane fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Myanmar coastal rain forests |
Myanmar, Bangladesh |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Nama Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
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Namib desert |
Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
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Namibian savanna woodlands |
Angola, Namibia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Niger Delta swamp forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Nigerian lowland forests |
Nigeria, Benin |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Nile Delta flooded savanna |
Egypt |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
North Atlantic moist mixed forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
North Saharan steppe and woodlands |
Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northeast Siberian coastal tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Northeastern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests |
France, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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|
|
Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Northwestern thorn scrub forests |
India, Pakistan |
Indo-Malayan |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Palawan rain forests |
Philippines |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests |
Malaysia, Thailand |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Peninsular Malaysian rain forests |
Indonesia, Malaysia |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert |
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Red Sea coastal desert |
Egypt, Sudan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert |
Egypt, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sahara desert |
Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Algeria, Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Saharan flooded grasslands |
Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Sahelian Acacia savanna |
Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sarmatic mixed forests |
Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian and Russian taiga |
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian coastal conifer forests |
Norway |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands |
Norway, Sweden, Finland |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Serengeti volcanic grasslands |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Socotra Island xeric shrublands |
Yemen |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Somali montane xeric woodlands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests |
China, Viet Nam |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert |
Iran, Iraq, Pakistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
South Saharan steppe and woodlands |
Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Africa bushveld |
Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Africa mangroves |
South Africa, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra |
South Africa, France, Australia |
Antarctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Morocco |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Succulent Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Sunda Shelf mangroves |
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei |
Indo-Malayan |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh |
Iran, Iraq |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands |
United Kingdom |
Afrotropic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
France, Italy |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
West Sudanian savanna |
Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Gabon, Congo, Democratic Rep of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Western Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Western Guinean lowland forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Western Zambezian grasslands |
Angola, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Yamal-Gydan tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian and Mopane woodlands |
South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands |
Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian coastal flooded savanna |
Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests |
Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian flooded grasslands |
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Zambezian halophytics |
Mozambique, Botswana |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
|
|
|
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge |
Ib |
2347132 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Aleutian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
|
2720489 |
Alaska, United States |
|
|
|
|
Amboseli National Park National Reserve |
II |
99624 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Archipel de Glénan |
|
145273 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
167827 |
Astrakhan, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Auyuittuq National Park |
II |
4808115 |
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Baie du Mont Saint Michel |
|
117800 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Bamingui-Bangoran Conservation Area National Park |
II |
2783298 |
Central African Republic |
|
|
|
|
Banc d'Arguin National Park |
II |
2949017 |
Mauritania |
|
|
|
|
Barguzinskiy Biosphere Reserve Zapovednik |
Ia |
924970 |
Buryatia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Berezinskiy Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
209113 |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
Berwickshire and North Northumberland Coast |
|
160731 |
England/Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
CABO DE GATA-NIJAR |
|
122347 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
Camargue |
|
546256 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Cap Gris-Nez |
|
138933 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries/ Bae Caerfyrddin ac Aberoedd |
|
163340 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
DELTA ACHELOOU, LIMNOTHALASSA MESOLONGIOU - AITOLIKOU KAI EKVOLES EVINOU, NISOI ECHINADES, NISOS PET |
|
109185 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
DOÑANA |
|
281453 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve |
|
1433211 |
Romania |
|
|
|
|
Darvinsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
278421 |
Yaroslavl, Vologda, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Dolina Dolnego Bugu |
|
183624 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Dolina Srodkowej Warty |
|
141108 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Etosha National Park |
II |
5699141 |
Namibia |
|
|
|
|
Felsõ-kiskunsági szikes puszták és turjánvidék |
|
103542 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
Flusslandschaft Elbe Biosphere Reserve |
|
925242 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve |
V |
206754 |
Fujian, China |
|
|
|
|
Gorges de la Loire |
|
145350 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Hortobágy National Park |
II |
140004 |
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
Humber Estuary |
|
90582 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
IJsselmeer |
|
279946 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
KOILADA KAI EKVOLES SPERCHEIOU - MALIAKOS KOLPOS |
|
117491 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
Karoo National Park |
II |
190300 |
Western Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Katavi National Park |
II |
1054210 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Khazar Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
658105 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
Kora National Park |
II |
409762 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Kronotskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
361480 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Kruger National Park |
II |
4718115 |
Mpumalanga, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Kura kurgu |
|
476839 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
LIMNES KORONEIAS - VOLVIS, STENA RENTINAS KAI EVRYTERI PERIOCHI |
|
399400 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
LIMNI KERKINI - KROUSIA - KORYFES OROUS BELES, ANGISTRO - CHAROPO |
|
193493 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
Laguna di Venezia |
|
136417 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Lake Torne Area Biosphere Reserve |
|
238457 |
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
Laplandskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
757114 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
MARAIS POITEVIN |
|
168088 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Marais Breton, baie de Bourgneuf, île de Noirmoutier et forêt de Monts |
|
137949 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Marakele National Park |
II |
163507 |
Limpopo, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Marchesato e Fiume Neto |
|
173480 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Merenkurkun saaristo |
|
316695 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Moray Firth |
|
373987 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Morecambe Bay |
|
151985 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Mount Kulal Biosphere Reserve |
|
1729738 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Noordzeekustzone |
|
305536 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
North-east Greenland National Park |
II |
237590314 |
Greenland |
|
|
|
|
Northern Karelian Biosphere Reserve |
|
864869 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Nouabalï-Ndoki National Park |
II |
1013529 |
Congo |
|
|
|
|
Okskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
190748 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Ostsee östlich Wagrien |
|
97411 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Ouessant-Molène |
|
190983 |
France |
|
|
|
|
PERTUIS CHARENTAIS - ROCHEBONNE |
|
2024431 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Parco Del Cilento e Vallo de Diano National Park |
|
551095 |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
Pays des Couzes |
|
128132 |
France |
|
|
|
|
Pechoro-Ilychskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
3098091 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Biala |
|
207024 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Puszcza Kampinoska Biosphere Reserve |
|
188373 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Pärnu lahe |
|
270781 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
Queen Elizabeth National Park |
II |
522052 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
|
Queen Maud Gulf Bird Sanctuary Migratory Bird Sanctuary |
IV |
15335601 |
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Quttinirpaaq (Ellesmere Island) National Park Reserve |
II |
9436606 |
Nunavut, Canada |
|
|
|
|
Ramsar-Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete |
|
1146339 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Ria de Aveiro |
|
127029 |
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
Richtersveld National Park |
II |
399195 |
Northern Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
SIERRAS DE CAZORLA, SEGURA Y LAS VILLAS |
|
519222 |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
Saaristomeri |
|
147873 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve |
|
319164 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve |
|
5696026 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren |
|
182155 |
England/Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Sirmilik National Park |
II |
5475284 |
Canada |
|
|
|
|
Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve |
|
6626477 |
Yemen |
|
|
|
|
Solway Firth |
|
107829 |
England/Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Spreewald Biosphere Reserve |
|
117355 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Strandzha |
|
285202 |
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
Taimyrsky Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
4403240 |
Taimyr, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Tammisaaren ja Hangon saariston ja Pohjanpitäjänlahden merensuojelualue |
|
130052 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
The W Region National Park |
II |
549843 |
Niger |
|
|
|
|
The Wash and North Norfolk Coast |
|
266284 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Tsavo National Park |
II |
3232255 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
|
|
|
|
Uckermärkische Seenlandschaft |
|
152532 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Ujscie Odry i Zalew Szczecinski |
|
130007 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Uudenkaupungin saaristo |
|
140830 |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
Voronezhskiy Biosphere Reserve |
|
95835 |
Russia |
|
|
|
|
Väinamere |
|
670389 |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
Waddensea Area Nature Reserve with Management Subsidy |
IV |
600666 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
Waddensea of Lower Saxony Biosphere Reserve |
|
539522 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Waddensea of Schleswig-Holstein Biosphere Reserve |
|
724639 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Waddenzee |
|
672193 |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
Yancheng Nature Reserve |
V |
711488 |
China |
|
|
|
|
Zalew Szczecinski |
|
116620 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Zatoka Pucka |
|
154269 |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
Östliche Kieler Bucht |
|
184563 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Arquipélago dos Bijagós |
Guinea-Bissau |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Baie d'Ad Dakhla |
Morocco |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Baie de Goulven |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
Baie des Veys et Marais du Cotentin |
France |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Baie du Mont Saint Michel et Ile des Landes |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
Banc d'Arguin National Park |
Mauritania |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Bassin d'Arcachon et Banc d'Arguin |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Benfleet and Southend Marshes |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
Camargue |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Cap Gris-nez |
France |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
Chichester and Langstone Harbours |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Coastal areas of eastern Gotland island |
Sweden |
A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Dee Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Delta du Saloum |
Senegal |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Duddon Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
East Sanday |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Hamford Water |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Humber Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Ilha de Bolama: Rio Grande de Buba |
Guinea-Bissau |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes and Prado lagoon |
Spain |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Keta Lagoon Ramsar Site |
Ghana |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Kneiss |
Tunisia |
A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Lac Débo: Lac Oualado Débo |
Mali |
A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Lake Manzala |
Egypt |
A1, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Lake Turkana |
Kenya |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Lemmenjoki-Hammastunturi-Pulju |
Finland |
A3, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Medway Estuary and Marshes |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Mid-Essex Coast |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Moray Basin, Firths and Bays |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Morecambe Bay |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
North Norfolk Coast |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
North Uist Machair and Islands |
United Kingdom |
A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Outer Ards |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Ria de Aveiro |
Portugal |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Ria Formosa (Faro lagoon) |
Portugal |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Ribble and Alt Estuaries |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Rio Mansôa and Gêba estuary |
Guinea-Bissau |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Rio Tombali, Rio Cumbijã and Ilha de Melo |
Guinea-Bissau |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Severn Estuary |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Sierra Leone River Estuary |
Sierra Leone |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
Solent Marshes and Southampton Water |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Songor Ramsar Site |
Ghana |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
South Down Coast |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, C3 |
|
|
|
South Uist Machair and Lochs |
United Kingdom |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Stour and Orwell Estuaries |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4 |
|
|
|
Swansea Bay: Blackpill |
United Kingdom |
C7 |
|
|
|
Syvash Bay |
Ukraine |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
Thames Estuary and Marshes |
United Kingdom |
A4iii, B1i, B2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay |
United Kingdom |
A4i, B1i, C3 |
|
|
|
The Swale |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
The Wash |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Tiree and Coll |
United Kingdom |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
|
|
|
Upper Solway Flats and Marshes |
United Kingdom |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Westerschelde and Saeftinghe |
Netherlands |
A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
|
|
|
Yawri Bay |
Sierra Leone |
A4i, A4iii |
|
|
|
|
Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Cape Floristic Region |
South Africa |
No |
|
|
Caucasus |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania |
No |
|
|
Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
|
|
Guinean Forests of West Africa |
Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo |
No |
|
|
Horn of Africa |
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Yemen |
No |
|
|
Indo-Burma |
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam |
No |
|
|
Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles |
No |
|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
|
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
Philippines |
Philippines |
No |
|
|
Succulent Karoo |
Namibia, South Africa |
No |
|
|
Sundaland |
Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand |
No |
|
|
|
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 6de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 7British Trust for Ornithology♦ 8Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 9Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 10Alerstam T, Rosén M, Bäckman J, Ericson PGP, Hellgren O (2007) Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects. PLoS Biol 5(8): e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197 ♦ 11Predation of a sand-dwelling mysid crustacean Gastrosaccus sanctus by plover birds (Charadriidae), SH. MORAN and L. FISHELSON, Marine Biology 9, 63-64 (1971) ♦ 12Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 13Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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