Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Lagomorpha > Leporidae > Oryctolagus > Oryctolagus cuniculusOryctolagus cuniculus (European Rabbit)Synonyms: Oryctogalus fodiens; Oryctolagus cnossius; Oryctolagus cuniculus borkumensis The European rabbit or common rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal) and northwest Africa (Morocco and Algeria). It has been widely introduced elsewhere, often with devastating effects on local biodiversity. However, its decline in its native range (caused by the diseases myxomatosis and rabbit calicivirus, as well as overhunting and habitat loss), has caused the decline of its highly dependent predators, the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle. It is known as an invasive species because it has been introduced to countries on all continents with the exception of Antarctica and sub-Saharan Africa, and caused many problems within the environment and ecosystems. Australia has the most problems with European rabbits, due |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 24.06 EDGE Score: 3.91 |
Adult Weight [1] | 3.968 lbs (1.80 kg) | Birth Weight [1] | 45 grams | Male Weight [3] | 6.367 lbs (2.888 kg) | | Diet [2] | Herbivore | Diet - Plants [2] | 100 % | Forages - Ground [2] | 100 % | | Female Maturity [1] | 2 years | | Gestation [1] | 30 days | Litter Size [1] | 5 | Litters / Year [1] | 4 | Maximum Longevity [1] | 9 years | Nocturnal [4] | Yes | Snout to Vent Length [3] | 18 inches (45 cm) | Weaning [1] | 26 days |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Appenine deciduous montane forests |
Italy |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Atlantic mixed forests |
France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Baltic mixed forests |
Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Cantabrian mixed forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Carpathian montane forests |
Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Dinaric Mountains mixed forests |
Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Yugoslavia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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East European forest steppe |
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Iberian conifer forests |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Illyrian deciduous forests |
Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Italy, France |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets |
Morocco, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mediterranean woodlands and forests |
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests |
France, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Northwest Iberian montane forests |
Portugal, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Po Basin mixed forests |
Italy |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests |
Spain, France, Andorra |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Morocco |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Afonydd Cleddau/ Cleddau Rivers |
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1855 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
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Barry Links |
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1951 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve |
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Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Berwickshire and North Northumberland Coast |
|
160731 |
England/Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Boschi del Ticino |
|
50788 |
Italy |
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Breckland |
|
18652 |
England, United Kingdom |
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CUENCA DE GALLOCANTA |
|
38287 |
Spain |
|
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Cairngorms |
|
142543 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
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Cairnsmore of Fleet, Silver Flowe, and Merrick Kells Biosphere Reserve |
|
8794 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands |
|
354692 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
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Calamocarro-Benzú |
|
1487 |
Spain |
|
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Cap Enderrocat-cap Blanc |
|
17495 |
Spain |
|
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Cap de cala Figuera |
|
1960 |
Spain |
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Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries/ Bae Caerfyrddin ac Aberoedd |
|
163340 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
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Cerne and Sydling Downs |
|
912 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Coorong National Park |
II |
121235 |
South Australia, Australia |
|
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Cotswold Beechwoods |
|
1448 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Croajingolong National Park |
II |
217067 |
Victoria, Australia |
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D'Addaia a s'Albufera |
|
6941 |
Spain |
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DESIERTO DE TABERNAS |
|
28326 |
Spain |
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Dorset Heaths (Purbeck and Wareham) and Studland Dunes |
|
5491 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Essex Estuaries |
|
114016 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Firth of Tay & Eden Estuary |
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38085 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Fitzgerald River National Park |
II |
732417 |
Western Australia, Australia |
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Foret Domaniale du Circeo State Nature Reserve |
IV |
4785 |
Italy |
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Glen Tanar |
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10329 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Grampians National Park |
II |
416373 |
Victoria, Australia |
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Haleakala National Park |
II |
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Hawaii, United States |
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Hattah-Kulkyne NP and Murray-Kulkyne Park National Park |
II |
122831 |
Victoria, Australia |
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Hawaiian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
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245981 |
Hawaii, United States |
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Humber Estuary |
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90582 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Illots de Ponent |
|
6269 |
Spain |
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Isolotti grossetani dell'Arcipelago Toscano |
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27 |
Italy |
|
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Kiskunsag Biosphere Reserve |
II |
54598 |
Hungary |
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Krkonose National Park |
V |
95995 |
Czech Republic |
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La Palma Biosphere Reserve |
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199419 |
Canary Islands, Spain |
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Laguna Blanca National Park |
II |
19735 |
Neuquen, Argentina |
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Lake District High Fells |
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66717 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Lanín National Park |
II |
536819 |
Neuquen, Argentina |
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Limestone Coast of South West Wales/ Arfordir Calchfaen de Orllewin Cymru |
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3940 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
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Loch Maree Complex |
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38882 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Luberon Regional Nature Park |
V |
406572 |
France |
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Macquarie Island Nature Reserve |
Ia |
233540 |
Tasmania, Australia |
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Minsmere to Walberswick Heaths and Marshes |
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3127 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Monadh Mor |
|
622 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Mondragó |
|
1927 |
Spain |
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Mont Ventoux Biosphere Reserve |
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198594 |
France |
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Moor House – Upper Teesdale |
|
95867 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Moor House-Upper Teesdale Biosphere Reserve |
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18254 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Moray Firth |
|
373987 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
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Morecambe Bay |
|
151985 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Morecambe Bay Pavements |
|
6449 |
England, United Kingdom |
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Mount Aspiring National Park |
II |
473907 |
South Island, New Zealand |
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North Norfolk Coast |
|
7926 |
England, United Kingdom |
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North Norfolk Coast Biosphere Reserve |
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England, United Kingdom |
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North Pembrokeshire Woodlands/ Coedydd Gogledd Sir Benfro |
|
780 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
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North Pennine Moors |
|
254789 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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North York Moors |
|
108930 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Oldshoremore and Sandwood |
|
1096 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
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PUNTA ENTINAS-SABINAR |
|
4806 |
Spain |
|
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Pacific Rim National Park Reserve |
II |
137900 |
British Columbia, Canada |
|
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Parc National des Iles Zembra et Zembretta National Park |
II |
880 |
Tunisia |
|
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Paul do Boquilobo Biosphere Reserve Nature Reserve |
IV |
1352 |
Portugal |
|
|
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Peak District Dales |
|
5748 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Pembrokeshire Marine/ Sir Benfro Forol |
|
341177 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
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Pen Llyn a`r Sarnau/ Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau |
|
360832 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
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Polana Biosphere Reserve |
|
50311 |
Slovakia |
|
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Reserva de Grazalema Nature Park |
V |
126034 |
Spain |
|
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|
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Reserva de la Biosfera de Doñana Biosphere Reserve |
II |
123801 |
Spain |
|
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Reserve Nationale de Camargue Biosphere Reserve |
|
32232 |
France |
|
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Reserve de la Biosphere d'Iroise Biosphere Reserve |
IV |
118 |
France |
|
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Riverland Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
1490891 |
South Australia, Australia |
|
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Ruegen |
|
|
Germany |
|
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S'Albufera de Mallorca |
|
5276 |
Spain |
|
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S'Albufera des Grau |
|
6293 |
Spain |
|
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SIERRA NORTE |
|
438558 |
Spain |
|
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Sa Dragonera |
|
3144 |
Spain |
|
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Salisbury Plain |
|
52975 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Sands of Forvie |
|
1814 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
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Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve |
|
319164 |
Germany |
|
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Sefton Coast |
|
11278 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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Severn Estuary/ Môr Hafren |
|
182155 |
England/Wales, United Kingdom |
|
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Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area Ramsar Site |
|
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Queensland, Australia |
|
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Skipwith Common |
|
729 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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South Pennine Moors |
|
160577 |
England, United Kingdom |
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South Taupo Wetland |
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North Island, New Zealand |
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South Uist Machair |
|
8482 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
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Spreewald Biosphere Reserve |
|
117355 |
Germany |
|
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St David`s / Ty Ddewi |
|
2312 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
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Subberthwaite, Blawith and Torver Low Commons |
|
4609 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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The New Forest |
|
72309 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
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|
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The Wash and North Norfolk Coast |
|
266284 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Tierra Del Fuego National Park |
II |
172861 |
Argentina |
|
|
|
|
Trebon Basin Protected Landscape Area |
V |
173393 |
Czech Republic |
|
|
|
|
Trotternish Ridge |
|
7834 |
Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park |
II |
332429 |
Northern Territory, Australia |
|
|
|
|
Waddensea of Lower Saxony Biosphere Reserve |
|
539522 |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
Wimbledon Common |
|
861 |
England, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Y Fenai a Bae Conwy/ Menai Strait and Conwy Bay |
|
65440 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
Yathong Nature Reserve |
Ia |
270264 |
New South Wales, Australia |
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Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 4Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 5Dangerous liaisons disperse the Mediterranean dwarf palm: fleshy-pulp defensive role against seed predators, José M. Fedriani and Miguel Delibes, Ecology, 92(2), 2011, pp. 304–315 ♦ 6Spatial patterns of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in Corema album (Empetraceae): the importance of unspecialized dispersers for regeneration, MARÍA CALVIÑO-CANCELA, Journal of Ecology 2002: 90, 775784 ♦ 7Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 8del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 9Breeding Biology and Diet of the Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax in the New England Region of New South Wales, S.J.S. DEBUS, T.S. HATFIELD, A.J. LEY and A.B. ROSE, AUSTRALIAN FIELD ORNITHOLOGY 2007, 24, 93120 ♦ 10Moleon, Marcos, et al. "Predator-prey relationships in a Mediterranean vertebrate system: Bonelli's eagles, rabbits and partridges." Oecologia 168.3 (2012): 679+. Academic OneFile. Web. 15 July 2014. ♦ 11Predation upon small mammals in shrublands and grasslands of southern South America: ecological correlates and presumable consequences, Fabian M. Jaksic, Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 59: 209-221 (1986) ♦ 129.1 Dingo, Canis lupus dingo, L.K. Corbett, Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x + 430 pp. ♦ 13Food habits of the Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) in the Andean Patagonia: the role of breeding constraints, A. Travaini, J. A. Donázar, O. Ceballos & F. Hiraldo, Journal of Arid Environments (2001) 48: 211219 ♦ 14THE DIET OF THE AUSTRALASIAN HARRIER (Circus approximans) IN THE MANAWATU-RANGITIKEI SAND COUNTRY, NEW ZEALAND, D. J. BAKER-GABB, Notornis 28: 241-254 (1981) ♦ 15Species Interactions of Australia Database, Atlas of Living Australia, Version ala-csv-2012-11-19 ♦ 16Galictis cuja, Eric Yensen and Teresa Tarifa, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 728, pp. 18 (2003) ♦ 17Assessing the diet of nestling Bearded Vultures: a comparison between direct observation methods, Antoni Margalida, Joan Bertran, and Jennifer Boudet, J. Field Ornithol. 76(1):4045, 2005 ♦ 18Body size, diet and reproductive ecology of Coluber hippocrepis in the Rif (Northern Morocco), Juan M. Pleguezuelos, Soumia Fahd, Amphibia-Reptilia 25: 287-302 (2004) ♦ 19Olsen, J., Judge, D., Fuentes, E., Rose, AB and Debus, S. (2010). Diets of Wedge-tailed Eagles (Aquila audax) and Little Eagles (Hieraaetus morphnoides) breeding near Canberra, Australia Journal of Raptor Research 44: 50–61 ♦ 20FOOD OF THE BOOTED EAGLE (HIERAAETUS PENNATUS) IN CENTRAL SPAIN, José P. Veiga, RAPTOR RESEARCH VOL. 20 (3/4): 120-123 ♦ 21Changes in the diet of Great Black-backed Gulls Larus marinus on Skomer Island 1958- 1992, Jim Poole, SEABIRD 17; 50-55 ♦ 22POPULATION STATUS AND DIET OF THE YELLOW-LEGGED GULL IN THE AZORES, VERÓNICA C. NEVES, NADIA MURDOCH & ROBERT W. FURNESS, ARQUIPÉLAGO. Ciências Biológicas e Marinhas Nº 23A (2006): 59-73 ♦ 23DIET AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF LEOPARDUS GUIGNA IN RELATION TO PREY AVAILABILITY IN FOREST FRAGMENTS OF THE CHILEAN TEMPERATE RAINFOREST, Stephania Eugenia Galuppo Gaete, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, Masters thesis, September 2014 ♦ 24Feeding Ecology of the Spanish Lynx in the Coto Doñana, Miguel Delibes, ACTA THERIOLOGICA Vol. 25, 24: 309-324, 1980 ♦ 25Feeding Habits of the Diamond Python, Morelia s. spilota: Ambush Predation by a Boid Snake, David J. Slip and Richard Shine, Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 323-330, 1988 ♦ 26Conservation status and limiting factors in the endangered population of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in the Canary Islands, José A. Donázar, César J. Palacios, Laura Gangoso, Olga Ceballos, María J. González and Fernando Hiraldo, Biological Conservation 107 (2002) 8997 ♦ 27Diet of the Lace Monitor Lizard (Varanus varius) in south-eastern Australia, Brian W. Weavers, Australian Zoologist, Vol. 25(3) 83-85 ♦ 28Correlates between morphology, diet and foraging mode in the Ladder Snake Rhinechis scalaris (Schinz, 1822), Juan M. Pleguezuelos , Juan R. Fernández-Cardenete , Santiago Honrubia , Mónica Feriche , Carmen Villafranca, Contributions to Zoology, 76 (3) 2007 ♦ 29Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 30International Flea DatabaseEcoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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