World Species : Protected Area : SIERRA NORTE

SIERRA NORTE

Location:	Spain
Area:	438,558 acres (177,478 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B		C		D

Share	40 %	25 %	15 %	15 %	60 %	40 %	80 %	20 %	35 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Dystric Regosols	Dystric Cambisols	Umbric Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Dystric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Haplic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	100 m	15 m	15 mm	15 mm	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 m
Phase 1		Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2		Lithic
Root Obstacle	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm			None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	60 - 80 cm	40 - 60 cm		40 - 60 cm	20 - 40 cm
Impermeable Layer					None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm					None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month			Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	10 %	10 %	21 %	6 %	14 %	12 %	9 %	25 %	9 %	19 %	21 %	4 %	4 %
Sand	78 %	75 %	79 %	73 %	36 %	44 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	81 %
Silt	13 %	15 %	13 %	18 %	43 %	35 %	28 %	36 %	34 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	37 %	9 %
Clay	9 %	10 %	8 %	9 %	21 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	19 %	22 %	21 %	24 %	22 %	10 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.6 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.7 %	0.7 %	2.59 %	1.4 %	0.65 %	0.75 %	0.83 %	1 %	0.98 %	1 %	1.39 %	1.61 %	0.74 %	0.5 %
PH	5.6	5.1	4.7	7.5	8	8	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.6	5.1	7.5	6.5	5.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	98 %	28 %	86 %	86 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	93 %	78 %	93 %	24 %	100 %	91 %	72 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	3.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	7 %	15 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	5 %	0 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	14 %	9 %			10 %	18 %	8 %	12 %	28 %	12 %	26 %		3 %	6 %
Sand	77 %	68 %			34 %	40 %	41 %	41 %	51 %	41 %	46 %		37 %	67 %
Silt	13 %	17 %			43 %	35 %	25 %	34 %	31 %	34 %	34 %		34 %	10 %
Clay	10 %	15 %			23 %	25 %	34 %	25 %	18 %	25 %	20 %		29 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Sandy loam			Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam		Clay loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.58 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³			1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³		1.35 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³			1.45 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.31 %	0.27 %			0.43 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.37 %	0.6 %		0.36 %	0.3 %
PH	5.3	5			8.1	8.1	6.4	7	6.9	7	4.9		6.7	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	36 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹			54 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹		50 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	4 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹			16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		14 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	28 %	36 %			100 %	100 %	90 %	93 %	89 %	93 %	21 %		93 %	42 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹			28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.8 cmol kg⁻¹		13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %			8.7 %	15 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %			0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	5 %			1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1			0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263