Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Columbiformes > Columbidae > Columba > Columba larvataColumba larvata (Lemon Dove; African Lemon Dove)Synonyms: Aplopelia larvata; Columba larvata hypoleuca; Columba larvata larvata The lemon dove or cinnamon dove (Columba larvata) is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae found in montane forests of sub-Saharan Africa. The São Tomé lemon dove is usually treated as a subspecies. The lemon dove has a generally brownish-grey plumage with a cinnamon brown breast. Males have a greenish-glossed neck and white markings on the head, and females and juveniles are rather more brown and have grey facial markings. This dove is a common species, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 11.3065 EDGE Score: 2.51013 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 143 grams | | Birth Weight [2] | 7.8 grams | | Female Weight [1] | 136 grams | | Male Weight [1] | 151 grams | | Weight Dimorphism [1] | 11 % |  | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore | | Diet - Fruit [3] | 50 % | | Diet - Invertibrates [3] | 10 % | | Diet - Plants [3] | 20 % | | Diet - Seeds [3] | 20 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 100 % | | | Clutch Size [5] | 2 | | Fledging [1] | 21 days | | Incubation [4] | 16 days |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Albany thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Albertine Rift montane forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests |
Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
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Cameroonian Highlands forests |
Cameroon, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
Central African mangroves |
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests |
South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
East African montane forests |
Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
Eastern Arc forests |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Eastern Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Ethiopian montane forests |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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|
Ethiopian montane moorlands |
Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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|
Highveld grasslands |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Itigi-Sumbu thicket |
Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Knysna-Amatole montane forests |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
Lowland fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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|
Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Montane fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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|
|
|
Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Northeastern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
|
Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Serengeti volcanic grasslands |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Africa bushveld |
Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Africa mangroves |
South Africa, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
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|
Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
Zambezian and Mopane woodlands |
South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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Zambezian coastal flooded savanna |
Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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Zambezian flooded grasslands |
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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|
| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Bontebok National Park |
II |
8315 |
Western Cape, South Africa |
|
 |
|
|
|
Burko Catchment Forest Reserve |
|
1342 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Chome Catchment Forest Reserve |
IV |
34897 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
East Usambara Biosphere Reserve |
|
222395 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Golden Gate Highlands National Park |
II |
28689 |
Free State, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Gombe National Park |
II |
8799 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Hlane Royal National Park |
VI |
30892 |
Swaziland |
|
|
|
|
|
Kahuzi-Biéga National Park |
II |
1647768 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
|
|
|
|
Kakamega Forest Reseve Forest Reserve |
|
44820 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
|
Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
554 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Kibale National Park |
II |
196202 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
|
|
Korup National Park |
II |
322100 |
Cameroon |
|
|
|
|
|
Krantzkloof Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
1452 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Kruger National Park |
II |
4718115 |
Mpumalanga, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve |
|
|
Mpumalanga, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Manyara National Park |
II |
78767 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Losiminguri Forest Reserve |
|
14815 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Mahale Mountains National Park |
II |
398414 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Malolotja Nature Reserve |
IV |
42044 |
Swaziland |
|
|
|
|
|
Minziro Forest Reserve |
|
76954 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Monduli Forest Reserve |
|
21687 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Mont Nimba Strict Nature Reserve |
Ia |
11675 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Kenya Biosphere Reserve |
II |
146694 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Kulal Biosphere Reserve |
|
1729738 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
|
Nechisar National Park |
II |
256137 |
Ethiopia |
|
|
|
|
|
New Germany Nature Reserve |
|
272 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
North Park Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
104 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Palmiet Nature Reserve |
|
|
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Parc National d'Odzala National Park |
II |
3423581 |
Congo |
|
|
|
|
|
Pigeon Valley Nature Reserve |
|
25 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Queen Elizabeth National Park |
II |
522052 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
|
|
Roosfontein Nature Reserve |
|
519 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Rubondo National Park |
II |
50330 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve |
|
5696026 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Silverglen Nature Reserve |
|
566 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Peninsula National Park |
II |
70141 |
Western Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Tsitsikamma National Park |
II |
34343 |
Southern Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Uluguru Forest Reserves |
|
|
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
|
Virginia Bush Nature Reserve |
|
94 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
Wilderness National Park |
II |
5929 |
Western Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Cape Floristic Region |
South Africa |
No |
|
|
|
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania |
No |
|
|
|
Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
|
|
|
Guinean Forests of West Africa |
Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo |
No |
|
|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
|
|
|
 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 5Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 6Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 7"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529572
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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