Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Anseriformes > Anatidae > Aix > Aix galericulataAix galericulata (Mandarin Duck)Synonyms: Anas galericulata (homotypic) The mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is a perching duck species found in East Asia. It is medium-sized, at 41–49 cm (16–19 in) long with a 65–75 cm (26–30 in) wingspan. It is closely related to the North American wood duck, the only other member of the genus Aix. Aix is an Ancient Greek word used by Aristotle to refer to an unknown diving bird, and galericulata is the Latin for a wig, derived from galerum, a cap or bonnet. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 6.19361 EDGE Score: 1.97319 |
Clutch Size [8] | 10 | Clutches / Year [9] | 1 | Fledging [5] | 43 days | Incubation [7] | 29 days | Maximum Longevity [7] | 10 years 4 months | Snout to Vent Length [5] | 18 inches (46 cm) | Water Biome [1] | Lakes and Ponds | Wing Span [9] | 28 inches (.71 m) |  | Adult Weight [2] | 1.257 lbs (570 g) | Birth Weight [3] | 41 grams | Female Weight [6] | 1.146 lbs (520 g) | Male Weight [6] | 1.389 lbs (630 g) | Weight Dimorphism [6] | 21.2 % |  | Diet [4] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Piscivore, Granivore, Herbivore | Diet - Fish [4] | 10 % | Diet - Invertibrates [4] | 20 % | Diet - Plants [4] | 30 % | Diet - Seeds [4] | 40 % | Forages - Water Surface [4] | 100 % |  | Female Maturity [5] | 0 years 12 months |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alps conifer and mixed forests |
Italy, France, Switzerland, Slovenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Amur meadow steppe |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Atlantic mixed forests |
France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Baltic mixed forests |
Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Bohai Sea saline meadow |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Caledon conifer forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Celtic broadleaf forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Central China loess plateau mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Central European mixed forests |
Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldovia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Central Korean deciduous forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Changbai Mountains mixed forests |
China, Dem. People's Rep of Korea |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Changjiang Plain evergreen forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Daba Mountains evergreen forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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English Lowlands beech forests |
United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Helanshan montane conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Hokkaido deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Hokkaido montane conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Honshu alpine conifer forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Huang He Plain mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Irrawaddy dry forests |
Myanmar |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests |
Myanmar |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests |
Myanmar |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests |
China |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Manchurian mixed forests |
Republic of Korea, Dem. People's Rep of Korea, China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Myanmar coastal rain forests |
Myanmar, Bangladesh |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests |
Japan |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Nenjiang River grassland |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Nihonkai evergreen forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Nihonkai montane deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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North Atlantic moist mixed forests |
Ireland, United Kingdom |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Northern Indochina subtropical forests |
China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Ordos Plateau steppe |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Pannonian mixed forests |
Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Qilian Mountains conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Red River freshwater swamp forests |
Viet Nam |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Sakhalin Island taiga |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
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Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests |
China, Viet Nam |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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South Taiwan monsoon rain forests |
Taiwan |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows |
China, Russia |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Taiheiyo evergreen forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests |
Japan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests |
Taiwan |
Indo-Malayan |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Tundra |
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Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Western European broadleaf forests |
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Yellow Sea saline meadow |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Ailaoshan Nature Reserve |
V |
332544 |
Yunnan, China |
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Anhui Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve |
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82385 |
Anhui, China |
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Bastak State Nature Reserve |
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226771 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Berchtesgaden Alps National Park |
II |
51433 |
Germany |
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Berezinskiy Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
209113 |
Belarus |
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Bolonsky State Nature Reserve |
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256001 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Bolshekhekhtsirsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
112282 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Botchinsky State Nature Reserve |
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660710 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Bureinsky State Nature Reserve |
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885626 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve |
V |
619089 |
Jilin, China |
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Daursky Biosphere Reserve |
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113150 |
Chita, Russia |
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Fanjingshan Nature Reserve |
V |
86145 |
Guizhou, China |
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Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve |
V |
206754 |
Fujian, China |
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Kedrovaya Pad Zapovednik |
Ia |
44224 |
Primorsky Krai , Russia |
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Khankaisky State Nature Reserve |
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97085 |
Primorsky Krai, Russia |
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Komsomolsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
159168 |
Khabarovsk, Russia |
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Kurilsky State Nature Reserve |
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161520 |
Sakhalin, Russia |
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Lazovsky Zapovednik |
Ia |
299030 |
Primorsky Krai, Russia |
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Mount Sorak Biosphere Reserve |
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Korea, Republic of |
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Neusiedler See-Osterreichischer Teil |
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Austria |
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Nong Nam Khao Non-hunting Area No or Non Hunting Area |
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Thailand |
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Norsky State Nature Reserve |
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521807 |
Amur, Russia |
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Palava Protected Landscape Area |
V |
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Czech Republic |
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Poronaisky State Nature Reserve |
|
140096 |
Sakhalin, Russia |
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Reserve de la Biosphere des Vosges du Nord Biosphere Reserve |
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301469 |
France |
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Shiga Highland Biosphere Reserve |
|
32124 |
Honshu, Japan |
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Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve |
|
991950 |
Primorsky Krai, Russia |
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Sikhote-Alinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
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978001 |
Russia |
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Sokhondinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
521363 |
Chita, Russia |
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Tianmushan Biosphere Reserve |
|
47993 |
China |
|
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Udege National Park |
|
218935 |
Primorsky Krai , Russia |
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Ussuriysky Zapovednik |
Ia |
99910 |
Primorsky Krai , Russia |
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Wolong Nature Reserve |
V |
826140 |
Sichuan, China |
|
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Yancheng Nature Reserve |
V |
711488 |
China |
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Zeya State Nature Reserve |
|
245697 |
Amur, Russia |
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 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 2Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 3Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 6del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 7de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 8Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 9British Trust for Ornithology♦ 10Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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