Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Pteroclidiformes > Pteroclididae > Pterocles > Pterocles orientalisPterocles orientalis (Black-bellied Sandgrouse)Synonyms: Tetrao orientalis (homotypic) The black-bellied sandgrouse (Pterocles orientalis) is a medium large bird in the sandgrouse family. The nominate race breeds in Iberia, northwest Africa, the Canary Islands, Turkey, Iran, Cyprus and Israel. The eastern form P. o. arenarius (Pallas, 1775) is found in Kazakhstan, western China and northern Pakistan. It is a partial migrant, with central Asian birds moving to the Pakistan and northern India in winter. The female has browner, more finely marked upperparts, including the head and the breast. The underparts and breast band are identical to the male. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 19.5301 EDGE Score: 3.02189 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 405 grams | | Birth Weight [2] | 28 grams | | Female Weight [5] | 383 grams | | Male Weight [5] | 428 grams | | Weight Dimorphism [5] | 11.7 % |  | | Diet [3] | Granivore | | Diet - Seeds [3] | 100 % | | Forages - Understory [3] | 30 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 70 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 3 | | Clutches / Year [4] | 2 | | Fledging [4] | 25 days | | Incubation [6] | 23 days | | Mating Display [2] | Non-acrobatic aerial display | | Wing Span [6] | 28 inches (.71 m) | | | Female Maturity [4] | 0 years 12 months |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
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Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe |
Kazahkstan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Altai alpine meadow and tundra |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Altai montane forest and forest steppe |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Altai steppe and semi-desert |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands |
Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Egypt , Iraq, Jordan, Syria |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe |
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert |
Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Tajikistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Baluchistan xeric woodlands |
Pakistan, Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests |
Iran, Azerbaijan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Caspian lowland desert |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands |
Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central Anatolian deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Central Anatolian steppe |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Central Asian northern desert |
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central Asian riparian woodlands |
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central Asian southern desert |
Turkmenistan stretching, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central Persian desert basins |
Iran, Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Cyprus Mediterranean forests |
Cyprus |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Eastern Anatolian montane steppe |
Iran, Turkey, Armenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests |
Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Syria |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Elburz Range forest steppe |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Emin Valley steppe |
China, Kazakstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Gissaro-Alai open woodlands |
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Iberian conifer forests |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests |
Spain, Portugal |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Indus Valley desert |
Pakistan |
Indo-Malayan |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Junggar Basin semi-desert |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Kazakh semi-desert |
Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Kopet Dag semi-desert |
Iran, Turkmenistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe |
Iran, Turkmenistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets |
Morocco, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests |
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe |
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe |
Morocco |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Mediterranean woodlands and forests |
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Mesopotamian shrub desert |
Iraq, Syria, Jordan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Middle East steppe |
Syria, Iraq |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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North Saharan steppe and woodlands |
Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Northwest Iberian montane forests |
Portugal, Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Paropamisus xeric woodlands |
Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert |
Egypt, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert |
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Saharan halophytics |
Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Western Sahara |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert |
Iran, Iraq, Pakistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands |
Spain |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Morocco |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Sulaiman Range alpine meadows |
Afghanistan, Pakistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Taklimakan desert |
China |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Thar desert |
India, Pakistan |
Indo-Malayan |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Tian Shan foothill arid steppe |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Tian Shan montane conifer forests |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh |
Iran, Iraq |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Zagros Mountains forest steppe |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Alhamilla mountain range-Campo de Níjar plain |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Altos de Barahona high moor |
Spain |
A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Ballobar-Candasnos |
Spain |
A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Bardenas Reales |
Spain |
A3, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 |
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Belchite-Mediana |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Bienvenida-Usagre-Ribera del Fresno |
Spain |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Blancas-Torralba de los Sisones |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Brozas-Membrío |
Spain |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Campo de Montiel |
Spain |
A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Campo Visiedo |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Castro Verde plains |
Portugal |
A1, A3, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Cuchillete de Buenavista-gully of La Torre-Los Alares |
Spain |
A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Évora plains |
Portugal |
A1, B1i, B2, C1, C6 |
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Guadalentín saltmarshes |
Spain |
C6 |
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Hoya de Guadix |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Isthmus of Jandía sandy plain |
Spain |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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La Serena |
Spain |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Lajares sandy plain-Cotillo-Ezquinzo |
Spain |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Layna high moors |
Spain |
B2, C2, C6 |
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Lerida steppes |
Spain |
A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Mountain range and saltpans at Cabo de Gata |
Spain |
A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Mourão, Moura e Barrancos |
Portugal |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Peninsula of Jandía |
Spain |
A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 |
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Pétrola-Almansa-Yecla |
Spain |
A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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Plain between Cáceres and Trujillo-Aldea del Cano |
Spain |
A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Plains of Mareta-Hoya de la Yegua |
Spain |
B2, B3, C2, C6 |
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Puebla de Don Fadrique-Las Cañadas |
Spain |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Reguengos de Monsaraz |
Portugal |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 |
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River Guadiana |
Portugal |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Sardarapat |
Armenia |
A1, B1iv, B2 |
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Serra de Penha Garcia e Campina de Toulões |
Portugal |
A1, B2, C1, C6 |
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Tembleque-La Guardia plains |
Spain |
A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Tierra de Campiñas steppes |
Spain |
A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 |
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Tierra de Campos steppes |
Spain |
A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Tordesillas-Mota del Marqués |
Spain |
A1, C1, C6 |
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Trujillo-Torrecillas de la Tiesa |
Spain |
A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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Villafáfila |
Spain |
A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 |
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| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Caucasus |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey |
No |
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Irano-Anatolian |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan |
No |
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Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
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|
Mountains of Central Asia |
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
No |
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 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 5Cramp, S.; Simmons, K.E.L.; Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North
Africa Vols 1-9. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ♦ 6del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8International Flea Database♦ 9Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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