World Species : Protected Area : PÁRAMO LEONES

PÁRAMO LEONES

Location:	Spain
Area:	17,090 acres (6,916 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
Northwest Iberian montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B				C

Share	55 %	25 %	20 %	70 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	65 %	35 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Cambisols	Rendzic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Cambisols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Haplic Solonchaks	Chromic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	50 mm	100 m	50 m	15 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m
Phase 1				Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Saline	Gravelly	Gravelly
Phase 2				Petrocalcic		Petrocalcic	Gravelly		Petrocalcic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm		40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm		40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	5 %	16 %	14 %	5 %	48 %	4 %	4 %	12 %	9 %
Sand	19 %	37 %	44 %	19 %	22 %	27 %	19 %	48 %	42 %
Silt	32 %	44 %	35 %	32 %	36 %	27 %	29 %	28 %	36 %
Clay	49 %	19 %	21 %	49 %	42 %	46 %	52 %	24 %	22 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.28 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.87 %	2.13 %	0.75 %	0.87 %	1.83 %	1.2 %	0.54 %	0.83 %	1 %
PH	7.8	7.5	8	7.8	7.6	6.3	8.9	6.3	6.6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	57 cmol kg⁻¹	80 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	30 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	62 %	79 %	100 %	88 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	28.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	46.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	46.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	4.9 %	6 %	15 %	4.9 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	43 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	5.9 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	5 %		18 %	5 %	33 %	6 %	6 %	8 %	12 %
Sand	23 %		40 %	23 %	21 %	21 %	33 %	41 %	41 %
Silt	35 %		35 %	35 %	36 %	25 %	28 %	25 %	34 %
Clay	42 %		25 %	42 %	43 %	54 %	39 %	34 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Clay		Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.26 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.39 %		0.47 %	0.39 %	0.5 %	0.58 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.37 %
PH	8.1		8.1	8.1	7.8	6.4	9	6.4	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	58 cmol kg⁻¹		52 cmol kg⁻¹	58 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	26 cmol kg⁻¹		15 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %		100 %	100 %	55 %	83 %	100 %	90 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹		36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	44.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	55.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	11.2 %		15 %	11.2 %	3 %	0 %	3 %	0 %	0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %		2 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	42 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.2 dS m-1		0.3 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	14.8 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263