PÁRAMO DE LAYNA

Location:Spain
Area:18,609 acres (7,531 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian conifer forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share50 %25 %20 %5 %55 %35 %10 %
Soil TypeCalcaric CambisolsLithic LeptosolsRendzic LeptosolsChromic LuvisolsCalcaric CambisolsCalcaric RegosolsHaplic Solonchaks
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumFineMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm30 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity50 m15 mm50 mm50 m150 m150 m150 m
Phase 1LithicStony LithicSalineSalineSaline
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cm  40 - 60 cmNone to 80 cm20 - 40 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm  None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month  Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel6 %21 %16 %4 %6 %14 %7 %
Sand36 %42 %37 %27 %36 %44 %34 %
Silt43 %34 %44 %27 %43 %35 %41 %
Clay21 %24 %19 %46 %21 %21 %25 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamClayLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.65 %1.61 %2.13 %1.2 %0.65 %0.75 %0.46 %
PH87.57.56.3887.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity52 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹80 cmol kg⁻¹31 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹27 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %100 %100 %79 %100 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases24.3 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹28.8 cmol kg⁻¹13.4 cmol kg⁻¹24.3 cmol kg⁻¹26.8 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate7 %3.9 %6 %0 %7 %15 %9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %1.8 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %3 %2 %1 %1 %2 %28 %
Electrical Conductivity0.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.2 dS m-12.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %  6 %10 %18 %8 %
Sand34 %  21 %34 %40 %43 %
Silt43 %  25 %43 %35 %34 %
Clay23 %  54 %23 %25 %23 %
USDA TextureLoam  ClayLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³  1.22 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.45 g/cm³  1.4 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.43 %  0.58 %0.43 %0.47 %0.32 %
PH8.1  6.48.18.18
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity54 cmol kg⁻¹  33 cmol kg⁻¹54 cmol kg⁻¹52 cmol kg⁻¹60 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹  20 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %  83 %100 %100 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases28.7 cmol kg⁻¹  13.1 cmol kg⁻¹28.7 cmol kg⁻¹36.5 cmol kg⁻¹13.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate8.7 %  0 %8.7 %15 %9 %
Calcium Sulphate0.4 %  0 %0.4 %0 %1 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %  1 %1 %2 %28 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-1  0.1 dS m-10.3 dS m-10.3 dS m-111.3 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263