Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Columbiformes > Columbidae > Patagioenas > Patagioenas leucocephalaPatagioenas leucocephala (White-crowned Pigeon)Synonyms: Columba leucocephala The white-crowned pigeon (Patagioenas leucocephala, formerly Columba leucocephala) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). It inhabits the northern and central Caribbean islands and some places on the North and Central American mainland. John James Audubon painted the pigeons, including the watercolour in his work Birds of America, published in the early 19th century. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 5.08627 EDGE Score: 2.49918 |
Adult Weight [1] | 239 grams | Birth Weight [3] | 14.3 grams | Female Weight [6] | 230 grams | Male Weight [6] | 253 grams | Weight Dimorphism [6] | 10 % | | Breeding Habitat [2] | Mangroves | Wintering Geography [2] | Non-migrartory | Wintering Habitat [2] | Mangroves | | Diet [4] | Frugivore, Herbivore | Diet - Fruit [4] | 70 % | Diet - Plants [4] | 30 % | Forages - Canopy [4] | 20 % | Forages - Mid-High [4] | 40 % | Forages - Understory [4] | 20 % | Forages - Ground [4] | 20 % | | Female Maturity [5] | 1 year | Male Maturity [5] | 1 year | | Clutch Size [8] | 2 | Global Population (2017 est.) [2] | 550,000 | Incubation [7] | 14 days | Mating System [3] | Monogamy | Maximum Longevity [5] | 14 years |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves |
Brazil, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela |
Neotropic |
Mangroves |
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Bahamian pine mosaic |
Bahamas |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Bahamoan-Antillean mangroves |
Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Mangroves |
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Caribbean shrublands |
France, United Kingdom, Dominica, St. Lucia, Netherlands |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Central American Atlantic moist forests |
Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Chocó-Darién moist forests |
Colombia, Panama |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cuban cactus scrub |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Cuban dry forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Cuban moist forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cuban pine forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Cuban wetlands |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Enriquillo wetlands |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Everglades |
United States |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Hispaniolan dry forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Hispaniolan moist forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Hispaniolan pine forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Jamaican dry forests |
Jamaica |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Jamaican moist forests |
Jamaica |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Leeward Islands moist forests |
St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua & Barbuda |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Lesser Antillean dry forests |
Grenada, St. Lucia |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves |
Bahamas, United Kingdom |
Neotropic |
Mangroves |
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Miskito pine forests |
Honduras, Nicaragua |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Puerto Rican dry forests |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Puerto Rican moist forests |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Southeastern conifer forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Windward Islands moist forests |
Martinique, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alejandro de Humboldt National Park |
II |
175430 |
Cuba |
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Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
358906 |
Mexico |
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Big Cypress National Preserve |
V |
732120 |
Florida, United States |
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Biscayne National Park |
II |
11085 |
Florida, United States |
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Buenavista Wetland Reserve |
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778949 |
Cuba |
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Cayos Cochinos Archipelago National Park Natural Marine Monument |
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Honduras |
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Ciénaga de Zapata National Park |
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1606900 |
Cuba |
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Desecheo National Wildlife Refuge |
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Puerto Rico, United States |
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Everglades and Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve |
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Florida, United States |
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Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary |
IV |
2387149 |
Florida, United States |
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Green Cay National Wildlife Refuge |
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15 |
Virgin Islands, United States |
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La Amistad International Park National Park |
II |
541617 |
Panama, Costa Rica |
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Luquillo Biosphere Reserve |
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8617 |
Puerto Rico, United States |
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Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve |
VI |
1312618 |
Mexico |
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Saba Marine Park National Marine Park |
II |
5573 |
Netherlands Antilles |
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Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
507 |
Virgin Islands, United States |
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Seaflower Marine Protected Area |
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15125514 |
Colombia |
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Tuabaquey - Limones Ecological Reserve |
II |
4859 |
Cuba |
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Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve |
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15148 |
Virgin Islands, United States |
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Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Alejandro de Humboldt |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Belize Coastal and near shore islands |
Belize |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
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Belize Off-shore and Barrier Islands |
Belize |
A1, A2, A4i, A4ii |
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Black River Great Morass |
Jamaica |
A1, A2, A4i, B4i, B4ii |
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Bluefields |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Bluff Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2 |
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Bocas del Toro Archipelago |
Panama |
A1 |
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Booby Pond Nature Reserve |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2, A4ii, B4ii |
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Booby Rocks and Pirates Bay |
Bahamas |
A1, B4i, B4ii |
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Botanic Park and Salina Reserve |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2 |
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Catadupa |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Cay Sal |
Bahamas |
A1, A4i, B4i, B4ii |
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Cayería Centro-Oriental de Villa Clara |
Cuba |
A1, A4i, B4i |
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Cayo Sabinal, Ballenatos y Manglares de la Bahía de Nuevitas |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i, B4i |
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Cayos Romano-Cruz-Megano Grande |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
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Central Mangrove Wetland |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A4i, B4i |
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Christian Valley |
Antigua and Barbuda |
A1, A2 |
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Cienaga de Lanier y Sur de la Isla de la Juventud |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
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Ciénaga de Zapata |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
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Cockpit Country |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Coquillage–Pointe Est |
Haiti |
A1, A2 |
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Crown Wetlands |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A4i, B4i |
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Del Este National Park |
Dominican Republic |
A1, A2, B4ii |
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Delta del Cauto |
Cuba |
A1, A3, A4i, A4iii, B4i |
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Delta del Mayarí |
Cuba |
A1, A3, B4i |
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Desembarco del Granma |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Dolphin Head |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Driggs Hill to Mars Bay |
Bahamas |
A1, A2, A4i |
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Escudo de Veraguas Island |
Panama |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Franklin's Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2 |
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Gibara |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i, B4i, B4ii |
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Great Inagua |
Bahamas |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B4i |
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Great Pond |
Virgin Islands (to USA) |
A1, A2, B4i |
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Grog Pond |
Bahamas |
A1, A4i, B4i |
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Guanahacabibes |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Harrold and Wilson Ponds National Park |
Bahamas |
A1, A2, A4i, B4i |
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Hatibonico: Baitiquirí: Imías |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Hellshire Hills |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Humedal Sur de Pinar del Río |
Cuba |
A1, A4i, A4iii, B4i |
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Humedal Sur de Sancti Spiritus |
Cuba |
A1, A4i, A4iii |
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Jaragua National Park |
Dominican Republic |
A1, A2, A4i, A4iii, B4i |
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John Crow Mountains |
Jamaica |
A1, A2, A4ii |
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Las Picuas-Del Cristo Cay |
Cuba |
A1, A4i, A4iii |
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Lee Stocking Island |
Bahamas |
A1 |
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Les Grottes |
Haiti |
A1, A2 |
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Litchfield Mountain: Matheson's Run |
Jamaica |
A1, A2 |
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Little Abaco |
Bahamas |
A1, A2 |
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Mangrove Cay |
Bahamas |
A1, A2 |
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Mastic Reserve |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2 |
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Navassa |
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) |
A1, A4ii |
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Negril |
Jamaica |
A1, A2, A4i |
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Northeastern Belize |
Belize |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Pico Cristal |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Portland Ridge and Bight |
Jamaica |
A1, A2, A4i, B4i, B4ii |
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Red Bays |
Bahamas |
A1, A2, B4i |
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Reserva de Biósfera Seaflower |
Colombia |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Río Máximo |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i, A4iii, B4i |
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San San Pond Sak Wetlands |
Panama |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Siboney: Juticí |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4iv |
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Sierra del Chorrillo |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Sierra del Rosario |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3 |
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South Tarpum Bay |
Bahamas |
A1, A2 |
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Sparrowhawk Hill |
Cayman Islands (to UK) |
A1, A2 |
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Tee Cay, Goat Cay and Long Rocks |
Bahamas |
A1, A4i, B4i |
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Topes de Collantes |
Cuba |
A1, A3 |
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Turquino-Bayamesa |
Cuba |
A1, A3, A4ii |
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Wallings Forest |
Antigua and Barbuda |
A1, A2 |
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Yallahs |
Jamaica |
A1, A2, B4i |
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|
Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Caribbean Islands |
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks And Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands - British, Virgin Islands - U.S. |
No |
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Mesoamerica |
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama |
No |
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Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena |
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru |
No |
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 6Bancroft, G. T., AND R. Bowman. 2001. White-crowned Pigeon (Columba leucocephala). In A. Poole and F. Gill [EDS.], The Birds of North America, No. 596. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. ♦ 7del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 8Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 9Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 10TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN DIET OF NESTLING WHITE-CROWNED PIGEONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION OF FRUGIVOROUS COLUMBIDS, G. THOMAS BANCROFT AND REED BOWMAN, The Auk 111(4):844-852, 1994 ♦ 11"Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review", MIKE SHANAHAN, SAMSON SO, STEPHEN G. COMPTON and RICHARD CORLETT, Biol. Rev. (2001), 76, pp. 529572
♦ 12Gundlach's Hawk, BirdLife International (1992) Threatened Birds of the Americas. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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