Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Accipitriformes > Accipitridae > Stephanoaetus > Stephanoaetus coronatusStephanoaetus coronatus (Crowned Eagle)The crowned eagle, also known as the African crowned eagle or the crowned hawk-eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus) is a large bird of prey found in sub-Saharan Africa; in Southern Africa it is restricted to eastern areas. Its preferred habitats are principally riparian woodlands and various forests. The crowned eagle is the only extant member of the genus Stephanoaetus. A second species, the Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery) became extinct after humans settled on Madagascar. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 17.9877 EDGE Score: 3.63694 |
Adult Weight [1] | 8.285 lbs (3.758 kg) | Birth Weight [2] | 112 grams | Female Weight [4] | 8.68 lbs (3.937 kg) | Male Weight [4] | 7.518 lbs (3.41 kg) | Weight Dimorphism [4] | 15.5 % | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Vertebrates) | Diet - Ectothermic [3] | 10 % | Diet - Endothermic [3] | 90 % | Forages - Canopy [3] | 20 % | Forages - Mid-High [3] | 20 % | Forages - Understory [3] | 20 % | Forages - Ground [3] | 40 % | | Clutch Size [5] | 2 | Clutches / Year [1] | 1 | Fledging [1] | 3 months 23 days | Incubation [4] | 49 days | Maximum Longevity [1] | 18 years | Raptor Research Conservation Priority [6] | 78 | Snout to Vent Length [1] | 35 inches (88 cm) | Wing Span [4] | 5.445 feet (1.66 m) | | Female Maturity [1] | 4 years 11 months |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Albany thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Albertine Rift montane forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests |
Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cameroonian Highlands forests |
Cameroon, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Central African mangroves |
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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Central Congolian lowland forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Cross-Niger transition forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests |
South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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East African halophytics |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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East African mangroves |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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East African montane forests |
Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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East Sudanian savanna |
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eastern Arc forests |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Guinean forests |
Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Togo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Ethiopian montane forests |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Ethiopian montane moorlands |
Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Guinean mangroves |
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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|
|
|
Guinean montane forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Itigi-Sumbu thicket |
Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands |
Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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Montane fynbos and renosterveld |
South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Niger Delta swamp forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Nigerian lowland forests |
Nigeria, Benin |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northeastern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northwestern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Saharan flooded grasslands |
Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Sahelian Acacia savanna |
Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Serengeti volcanic grasslands |
Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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Southern Africa mangroves |
South Africa, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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West Sudanian savanna |
Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Gabon, Congo, Democratic Rep of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Western Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Western Guinean lowland forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Zambezian and Mopane woodlands |
South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
Zambezian coastal flooded savanna |
Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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Zambezian flooded grasslands |
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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|
Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
Addo Elephant National Park |
II |
348463 |
Eastern Cape, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Amboseli National Park National Reserve |
II |
99624 |
Kenya |
|
|
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Banco National Park |
|
6492 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
|
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Burko Catchment Forest Reserve |
|
1342 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Chome Catchment Forest Reserve |
IV |
34897 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
East Usambara Biosphere Reserve |
|
222395 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Foret Classee de la Mare Aux Hippopotames Bird Reserve |
IV |
37906 |
Burkina Faso |
|
|
|
|
Gombe National Park |
II |
8799 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
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Hlane Royal National Park |
VI |
30892 |
Swaziland |
|
|
|
|
Itala Game Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
II |
72822 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
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Kahuzi-Biéga National Park |
II |
1647768 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
|
|
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Kakamega Forest Reseve Forest Reserve |
|
44820 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Katavi National Park |
II |
1054210 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
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Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
554 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Kibale National Park |
II |
196202 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
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Kitumbeine Local Authority Forest Reserve |
|
|
Tanzania |
|
|
|
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Korup National Park |
II |
322100 |
Cameroon |
|
|
|
|
Krantzkloof Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
1452 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Kruger National Park |
II |
4718115 |
Mpumalanga, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve |
|
|
Mpumalanga, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Lake Manyara National Park |
II |
78767 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Lake Nakuru National Park |
II |
46472 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
Liwonde National Park |
II |
116740 |
Malawi |
|
|
|
|
Longido Local Authority Forest Reserve |
|
5128 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Mahale Mountains National Park |
II |
398414 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Malolotja Nature Reserve |
IV |
42044 |
Swaziland |
|
|
|
|
Marahoue National Park |
II |
293884 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
|
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Minziro Forest Reserve |
|
76954 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Mlawula Nature Reserve |
IV |
46444 |
Swaziland |
|
|
|
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Monduli Forest Reserve |
|
21687 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Mont Nimba Strict Nature Reserve |
Ia |
11675 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
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Mont Peko National Park |
II |
77790 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
|
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Mount Kenya Biosphere Reserve |
II |
146694 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
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Mount Mulanje Forest Reserve |
|
144452 |
Malawi |
|
|
|
|
Nairobi National Park |
II |
16444 |
Kenya |
|
|
|
|
New Germany Nature Reserve |
|
272 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
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North Park Nature Reserve Provincial Nature Reserve |
IV |
104 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
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|
Nouabalï-Ndoki National Park |
II |
1013529 |
Congo |
|
|
|
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Omo Strict Natural Reserve Forest Reserve |
|
328086 |
Nigeria |
|
|
|
|
Pande Forest Reserve Game Reserve |
IV |
3094 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Parc National d'Odzala National Park |
II |
3423581 |
Congo |
|
|
|
|
Parc National de la Comoe National Park |
II |
2902593 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
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Parc National de la Lopé National Park |
|
1227419 |
Gabon |
|
|
|
|
Parc National de Tai National Park |
II |
1085310 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
|
|
|
|
Queen Elizabeth National Park |
II |
522052 |
Uganda |
|
|
|
|
Reserve de Moukalaba-Dougoua (Gamba Complex) Faunal Reserve |
IV |
266550 |
Gabon |
|
|
|
|
Reserve des Monts Doudou (Gamba Complex) Wildlife Management Area |
|
656901 |
Gabon |
|
|
|
|
Roosfontein Nature Reserve |
|
519 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Rubondo National Park |
II |
50330 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve |
|
5696026 |
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Shongweni Resources Reserve |
|
42008 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Silverglen Nature Reserve |
|
566 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Takamanda Forest Reserve National Park |
II |
167041 |
Cameroon |
|
|
|
|
Uluguru Forest Reserves |
|
|
Tanzania |
|
|
|
|
Umhlanga Lagoon Provincial Nature Reserve |
|
95 |
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
|
|
|
Weenen Nature Reserve |
|
|
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa |
|
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Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Cape Floristic Region |
South Africa |
No |
|
|
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania |
No |
|
|
Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
|
|
Guinean Forests of West Africa |
Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo |
No |
|
|
Horn of Africa |
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Yemen |
No |
|
|
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
|
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 5Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 6Buechley ER, Santangeli A, Girardello M, et al. Global raptor research and conservation priorities: Tropical raptors fall prey to knowledge gaps. Divers Distrib. 2019;25:856–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12901 ♦ 7Primate Remains from African Crowned Eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus) Nests in Ivory Coasts Tai Forest: Implications for Primate Predation and Early Hominid Taphonomy in South Africa, W. Scott McGraw, Catherine Cooke, and Susanne Shultz, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 131:151165 (2006) ♦ 8Predatory behavior of crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, John C. Mitani · William J. Sanders Jeremiah S. Lwanga · Tammy L. Windfelder, Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2001) 49:187195 ♦ 9Cephalophus maxwellii, Katherine Ralls, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 31, pp. 1-4 (1973) ♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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