Liwonde National Park
— Protected Area Boundary | | A | B | | | | | | Share | 50 % | 50 % | 30 % | 30 % | 30 % | 10 % | | Soil Type | Lithosols | Chromic Cambisols | Eutric Fluvisols | Eutric Fluvisols | Vertisols | Gleysols | | Topsoil Texture | Medium | Fine | Medium | Fine | Fine | Medium | | Reference Depth | 10 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | 100 cm | | Drainage | Imperfectly | Moderately well | Poor | Very poor | Poor | Poor | | Available Water Capacity | 15 mm | 150 m | 150 m | 150 m | 125 m | 150 m | | Misc. Property | | | | | Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide) | | | Topsoil Properties | | Gravel | 26 % | 3 % | 4 % | 4 % | 3 % | 4 % | | Sand | 43 % | 20 % | 39 % | 19 % | 18 % | 38 % | | Silt | 34 % | 30 % | 41 % | 32 % | 26 % | 40 % | | Clay | 23 % | 50 % | 20 % | 49 % | 56 % | 22 % | | USDA Texture | Loam | Clay | Loam | Clay | Clay | Loam | | Reference Bulk Density | 1.39 g/cm³ | 1.23 g/cm³ | 1.41 g/cm³ | 1.24 g/cm³ | 1.21 g/cm³ | 1.39 g/cm³ | | Bulk Density | 1.3 g/cm³ | 1.23 g/cm³ | 1.36 g/cm³ | 1.31 g/cm³ | 1.42 g/cm³ | 1.33 g/cm³ | | Organic Carbon | 1.4 % | 1.43 % | 0.9 % | 1.26 % | 0.95 % | 1.27 % | | PH | 7.6 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 5.8 | | Clay Cation Exchange Capacity | 42 cmol kg⁻¹ | 35 cmol kg⁻¹ | 62 cmol kg⁻¹ | 38 cmol kg⁻¹ | 70 cmol kg⁻¹ | 35 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Soil Cation Exchange Capacity | 15 cmol kg⁻¹ | 21 cmol kg⁻¹ | 16 cmol kg⁻¹ | 27 cmol kg⁻¹ | 43 cmol kg⁻¹ | 12 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Base Saturation | 100 % | 91 % | 91 % | 93 % | 100 % | 82 % | | Total Exchangeable Bases | 15.6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 20.8 cmol kg⁻¹ | 16.4 cmol kg⁻¹ | 23.7 cmol kg⁻¹ | 41.6 cmol kg⁻¹ | 8.8 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Calcium Carbonate | 3.9 % | 0.1 % | 1 % | 0 % | 0.8 % | 0 % | | Calcium Sulphate | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Exchangeable Sodium | 4 % | 1 % | 2 % | 1 % | 1 % | 2 % | | Electrical Conductivity | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | | Subsoil Properties | | Gravel | | 4 % | 8 % | 3 % | 4 % | 5 % | | Sand | | 20 % | 41 % | 21 % | 18 % | 37 % | | Silt | | 29 % | 38 % | 32 % | 24 % | 35 % | | Clay | | 51 % | 21 % | 47 % | 58 % | 28 % | | USDA Texture | | Clay | Loam | Clay | Clay | Clay loam | | Reference Bulk Density | | 1.23 g/cm³ | 1.4 g/cm³ | 1.25 g/cm³ | 1.21 g/cm³ | 1.35 g/cm³ | | Bulk Density | | 1.38 g/cm³ | 1.39 g/cm³ | 1.4 g/cm³ | 1.53 g/cm³ | 1.43 g/cm³ | | Organic Carbon | | 0.6 % | 0.4 % | 0.55 % | 0.55 % | 0.42 % | | PH | | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7 | 7.8 | 6.3 | | Clay Cation Exchange Capacity | | 33 cmol kg⁻¹ | 58 cmol kg⁻¹ | 41 cmol kg⁻¹ | 72 cmol kg⁻¹ | 38 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Soil Cation Exchange Capacity | | 23 cmol kg⁻¹ | 14 cmol kg⁻¹ | 22 cmol kg⁻¹ | 43 cmol kg⁻¹ | 12 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Base Saturation | | 97 % | 97 % | 100 % | 100 % | 86 % | | Total Exchangeable Bases | | 19.5 cmol kg⁻¹ | 15.1 cmol kg⁻¹ | 18.3 cmol kg⁻¹ | 45.1 cmol kg⁻¹ | 9.5 cmol kg⁻¹ | | Calcium Carbonate | | 0.5 % | 3.9 % | 0.4 % | 3.7 % | 0 % | | Calcium Sulphate | | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | | Exchangeable Sodium | | 1 % | 3 % | 3 % | 2 % | 2 % | | Electrical Conductivity | | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 | 0.1 dS m-1 |
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