Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Gruiformes > Rallidae > Laterallus > Laterallus jamaicensisLaterallus jamaicensis (Black Rail)Language: French; Spanish The black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) is a mouse-sized member of the bird family Rallidae. It is found in scattered parts of North America and the Pacific region of South America, usually in coastal salt marshes but also in some freshwater marshes. It is extinct or threatened in many locations due to habitat loss. The largest populations in North America are in Florida and California. This bird has sometimes been considered conspecific with the Peruvian Junín crake (L. tuerosi) and the Galapagos crake (L. spilonotus). |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 7.66071 EDGE Score: 2.85194 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 34 grams |  | | Breeding Habitat [2] | Coastal saltmarshes, Freshwater marshes | | Wintering Geography [2] | Widespread Coastal | | Wintering Habitat [2] | Coastal saltmarshes, Freshwater lakes and rivers, Saline lakes | | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore | | Diet - Invertibrates [3] | 70 % | | Diet - Seeds [3] | 30 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 50 % | | Forages - Water Surface [3] | 50 % | | | Clutch Size [5] | 7 | | Incubation [4] | 18 days | | Maximum Longevity [1] | 2 years | | Migration [6] | Intercontinental | | Wing Span [4] | 23 inches (.58 m) |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Atacama desert |
Chile |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Atlantic coastal pine barrens |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Baja California desert |
Mexico |
Nearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Belizean pine forests |
Belize |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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California interior chaparral and woodlands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
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Central and Southern mixed grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Central forest-grasslands transition |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Central tall grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
Cuban cactus scrub |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
|
Cuban dry forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
|
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|
Cuban moist forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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|
|
|
Cuban pine forests |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Cuban wetlands |
Cuba |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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|
|
|
Enriquillo wetlands |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
|
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|
|
Everglades |
United States |
Neotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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|
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Flint Hills tall grasslands |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Hispaniolan dry forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Hispaniolan moist forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Hispaniolan pine forests |
Haiti, Dominican Republic |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
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Jamaican dry forests |
Jamaica |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Jamaican moist forests |
Jamaica |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Marajó varzea |
Brazil |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Middle Atlantic coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Northeastern coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Northern California coastal forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Puerto Rican dry forests |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
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Puerto Rican moist forests |
United States |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Sechura desert |
Peru |
Neotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southeastern conifer forests |
United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
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Southern Great Lakes forests |
Canada, United States |
Nearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Valdivian temperate forests |
Chile, Argentina |
Neotropic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Veracruz moist forests |
Mexico |
Neotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Western Gulf Coastal grasslands |
Mexico, United States |
Nearctic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA |
III |
184543 |
California, United States |
|
 |
|
|
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Assateague Island National Seashore |
II |
8621 |
Maryland, United States |
|
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|
|
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Big Cypress National Preserve |
V |
732120 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Big Morongo Canyon Preserve Area of Critical Environmental Concern |
V |
3906 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
4842 |
Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
19192 |
Maryland, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
16363 |
Delaware, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Cabrillo National Monument |
V |
149 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Canaveral National Seashore |
II |
9090 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Hatteras National Seashore |
II |
21476 |
North Carolina, United States |
|
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|
|
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Cape Lookout National Seashore |
II |
18379 |
North Carolina, United States |
|
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Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge |
IV |
8964 |
South Carolina, United States |
|
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|
|
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Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve |
|
310228 |
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, United States |
|
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Central Gulf Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve |
|
40530 |
United States |
|
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Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area |
V |
7622 |
Georgia, United States |
|
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Ciénaga de Zapata National Park |
|
1606900 |
Cuba |
|
|
|
|
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Cumberland Island National Seashore |
II |
20629 |
Georgia, United States |
|
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Dos Palmas Preserve |
|
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California, United States |
|
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Everglades and Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve |
|
|
Florida, United States |
|
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|
Fairfield Osborn Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
190 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary |
IV |
2387149 |
Florida, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Fort Pulaski National Monument |
V |
4213 |
Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Gateway National Recreation Area |
V |
1807 |
New Jersey, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Gulf Island National Seashore |
II |
67487 |
Florida, Mississippi, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Little St. Simons Island |
|
|
Georgia, United States |
|
|
|
|
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Organ Pipe Cactus Biosphere Reserve |
|
327376 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Point Reyes National Seashore |
II |
27068 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Rondeau Provincial Park |
II |
5035 |
Ontario, Canada |
|
|
|
|
|
Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge |
VI |
23844 |
Oklahoma, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve |
|
20317 |
South Carolina, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Virginia Coast Biosphere Reserve |
|
33386 |
Virginia, United States |
|
|
|
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| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Arenal-Monteverde |
Costa Rica |
A1, A2, A3 |
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Bear Island Wildlife Management Area |
USA |
A1 |
|
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|
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Cahuita, Gandoca-Manzanillo and Migratory Bird Corridor |
Costa Rica |
A1, A2, A4i |
|
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Caribbean lowlands and wetlands |
Costa Rica |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
|
|
|
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Central Volcanic Cordillera |
Costa Rica |
A1, A2, A3 |
|
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Ciénaga de Zapata |
Cuba |
A1, A2, A3, A4i |
|
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|
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La Amistad Caribe |
Costa Rica |
A1, A2, A3 |
|
|
|
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Maleku-Caño Negro |
Costa Rica |
A1 |
|
|
|
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Pacuare, coastal wetlands and Migratory Bird Corridor |
Costa Rica |
A2, A3, A4i |
|
|
|
|
Río Tambo y Lagunas de Mejía |
Peru |
A1, A2, A3, A4iii |
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|
| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
California Floristic Province |
Mexico, United States |
No |
|
|
|
Caribbean Islands |
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks And Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands - British, Virgin Islands - U.S. |
No |
|
|
|
Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests |
Chile |
No |
|
|
|
Mesoamerica |
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama |
No |
|
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4New York State Department of Environmental Conservation♦ 5Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 6Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org♦ 7Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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