Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Sphenisciformes > Spheniscidae > Spheniscus > Spheniscus magellanicus

Spheniscus magellanicus (Magellanic Penguin)

Wikipedia Abstract

The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil where they are occasionally seen as far north as Rio de Janeiro. It is the most numerous of the Spheniscus penguins. Its nearest relatives are the African, the Humboldt penguin and the Galápagos penguins. The Magellanic penguin was named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who spotted the birds in 1520. The species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
View Wikipedia Record: Spheniscus magellanicus

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
4
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
34
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 8.41932
EDGE Score: 2.93591
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Clutch Size [5]  1
Clutches / Year [2]  1
Fledging [2]  77 days
Incubation [5]  40 days
Mating Display [3]  Ground display
Maximum Longevity [5]  30 years
Migration [1]  Intracontinental
Snout to Vent Length [2]  28 inches (71 cm)
Water Biome [1]  Coastal
Adult Weight [2]  9.083 lbs (4.12 kg)
Birth Weight [3]  107 grams
Female Weight [6]  8.311 lbs (3.77 kg)
Male Weight [6]  9.855 lbs (4.47 kg)
Weight Dimorphism [6]  18.6 %
Diet [4]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Piscivore
Diet - Fish [4]  90 %
Diet - Invertibrates [4]  10 %
Forages - Underwater [4]  100 %
Female Maturity [5]  2 years 10 months
Male Maturity [5]  2 years 10 months

Ecoregions

Name Countries Ecozone Biome Species Report Climate Land
Use
Low Monte Argentina Neotropic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Magellanic subpolar forests Chile, Argentina Neotropic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Patagonian steppe Chile, Argentina Neotropic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Scotia Sea Islands tundra United Kingdom Antarctic Tundra    
Valdivian temperate forests Chile, Argentina Neotropic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Climate Land Use
Los Glaciares National Park II 1329020 Santa Cruz, Argentina
Parque Atlantico Mar Chiquita Nature Reserve VI 706059 Cordoba, Argentina  
Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael National Park II 4560904 Aisén, Chile  
Tierra Del Fuego National Park II 172861 Argentina

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests Chile No

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Phalcoboenus australis (Striated Caracara)[10]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Cardiocephaloides physalis[11]
Cosmocephalus obvelatus[11]
Listronius robertsianus[12]
Parapsyllus longicornis[12]
Parapsyllus magellanicus magellanicus[12]

Range Map

External References

Webcams


Aquarium of the Pacific Penguin Beach
Cam Time:
Hours: - ( - )

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 2Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 3Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 4Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 5de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 6Marchant, S.; Higgins, PJ (eds.) 1990. The handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, Vol. 1., ratites to ducks. Oxford University Press, Melbourne
♦ 7Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
♦ 8VARIATION IN MAGELLANIC PENGUIN SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS DIET IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS, K.R. THOMPSON, Marine Ornithology 21: 57-67 (1993)
♦ 9Diet of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) in northern and southern Chile, C. Herling, B. M. Culik, J. C. Hennicke, Marine Biology (2005) 147: 13–25
♦ 10Population growth and density, diet and breeding success of striated caracaras Phalcoboenus australis on New Island, Falkland Islands, Paulo Catry, Miguel Lecoq, Ian J. Strange, Polar Biology Volume 31, Number 10, 1167-1174
♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 12International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0