Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Passeriformes > Thraupidae > Spindalis > Spindalis zena

Spindalis zena (Western Spindalis)

Synonyms: Fringilla zena (homotypic)
Language: Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The western spindalis (Spindalis zena), formerly called the stripe-headed tanager, is a songbird species. S. zena formerly included other species of spindalis, as well. The spindalises were traditionally considered aberrant tanagers of the family Thraupidae, but like the equally enigmatic bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), they are often treated as incertae sedis (place uncertain) among the nine-primaried oscines.
View Wikipedia Record: Spindalis zena

Infraspecies

Spindalis zena benedicti
Spindalis zena pretrei
Spindalis zena salvini
Spindalis zena townsendi
Spindalis zena zena

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
3
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
19
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 6.59655
EDGE Score: 2.02769
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  29 grams
Female Weight [1]  32 grams
Breeding Habitat [2]  Forests
Wintering Geography [2]  Non-migrartory
Wintering Habitat [2]  Forests
Diet [3]  Frugivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [3]  60 %
Diet - Plants [3]  40 %
Forages - Canopy [3]  40 %
Forages - Mid-High [3]  30 %
Forages - Understory [3]  30 %
Clutch Size [4]  2
Global Population (2017 est.) [2]  200,000

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

Important Bird Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Caribbean Islands Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks And Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands - British, Virgin Islands - U.S. No
Mesoamerica Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama No

Prey / Diet

Acnistus arborescens (hollowheart)[5]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Accipiter striatus (Sharp-shinned Hawk)[6]
Buteo jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk)[6]
Buteo platypterus (Broad-winged Hawk)[6]

Range Map

External References

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 2Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018.
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 5"Bird Activity and Seed Dispersal of a Montane Forest Tree (Dunalia arborescens) in Jamaica", Alexander Cruz, Biotropica Vol. 13, No. 2, Supplement: Reproductive Botany (Jun., 1981), pp. 34-44
♦ 6Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0