Neobuxbaumia polylopha is found only in Mexico and is confined to a small area in the state of Guanajuato. It grows only in canyons with limestone slopes, similar to the cacti Neobuxbaumia multiareolata, Neobuxbaumia sanchezmejunadae, and Neobuxbaumia squamulosa. Neobuxbaumia polylopha is not well known among locals and has no local uses. However, it is popular among cactus enthusiasts and reproduces well in nurseries.