Animalia > Chordata > Squamata > Elapidae > Naja > Naja melanoleucaNaja melanoleuca (Black and White Cobra)Synonyms: Naja haje melanoleuca; Naja haje var. leucosticta; Naja leucostica; Naja melanoleuca aurata; Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca The forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), also called the black cobra and black and white-lipped cobra, is an elapid native to Africa, mostly the central and western parts of the continent. It is the largest true cobra species with a length up to 3.1 meters. Although it prefers lowland forest and moist savanna habitats, this cobra is highly adaptable and can be found in drier climates within its geographical range. It is a very capable swimmer and is often considered to be semi-aquatic. The forest cobra is a generalist in its feeding habits, having a highly varied diet: anything from large insects to small mammals and other reptiles. This species is alert, nervous and is considered to be a very dangerous snake. When cornered or molested, it will assume the typical cobra warning posture by raisi |
Adult Weight [1] | 15.338 lbs (6.957 kg) | | Gestation [1] | 76 days | Litter Size [1] | 20 | Maximum Longevity [2] | 29 years | Venomous [3] | Yes |
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Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land Use |
Albertine Rift montane forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Angolan Miombo woodlands |
Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Angola |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests |
Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cameroonian Highlands forests |
Cameroon, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Central African mangroves |
Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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Central Congolian lowland forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Cross-Niger transition forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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East African mangroves |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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East African montane forests |
Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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East Sudanian savanna |
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eastern Arc forests |
Tanzania, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Guinean forests |
Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Togo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Eastern Miombo woodlands |
Tanzania, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Guinean forest-savanna mosaic |
Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Guinean mangroves |
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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Guinean montane forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Maputaland coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests |
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Niger Delta swamp forests |
Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Nigerian lowland forests |
Nigeria, Benin |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northeastern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Northwestern Congolian lowland forests |
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Southern Africa mangroves |
South Africa, Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Mangroves |
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Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Miombo woodlands |
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic |
Malawi, Tanzania |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic |
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic |
Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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West Sudanian savanna |
Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic |
Gabon, Congo, Democratic Rep of the Congo, Angola |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Western Congolian swamp forests |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Western Guinean lowland forests |
Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Zambezian coastal flooded savanna |
Mozambique |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Zambezian flooded grasslands |
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia |
Afrotropic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania |
No |
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Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
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Guinean Forests of West Africa |
Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo |
No |
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Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
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Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 2de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 3Venomous snakes and antivenoms search interface, World Health Organization ♦ 4del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 5Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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