Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Ericales > Sapotaceae > Manilkara > Manilkara bidentata

Manilkara bidentata (Surinam bulletwood; bulletwood)

Synonyms: Achras bidentata; Mimusops bidentata (homotypic); Mimusops martinicensis; Mimusops reticulata (homotypic)

Wikipedia Abstract

Manilkara bidentata is a species of Manilkara native to a large area of northern South America, Central America and the Caribbean. Common names include bulletwood, balatá, ausubo, massaranduba, and (ambiguously) "cow-tree".
View Wikipedia Record: Manilkara bidentata

Infraspecies

Manilkara bidentata bidentata
Manilkara bidentata surinamensis (Surinam bulletwood) (Attributes)

Attributes

Air Quality Improvement [1]  Low
Allergen Potential [1]  Low
Carbon Capture [1]  Medium
Screening - Summer [2]  Dense
Screening - Winter [2]  Porous
Shade Percentage [1]  82 %
Temperature Reduction [1]  Medium
Wind Reduction [1]  Medium
Bloom Period [2]  Summer
Drought Tolerance [2]  Low
Fire Tolerance [2]  None
Frost Free Days [2]  1 year
Fruit/Seed Abundance [2]  Medium
Fruit/Seed Begin [2]  Fall
Fruit/Seed End [2]  Winter
Growth Form [2]  Single Stem
Growth Period [2]  Spring, Summer, Fall
Growth Rate [2]  Slow
Janka Hardness [4]  3190 lbf (1447 kgf) Very Hard
Leaf Type [3]  Evergreen
Lifespan [2]  Perennial
Propagation [2]  Bare Root, Container, Seed
Root Depth [2]  32 inches (81 cm)
Seed Spread Rate [2]  Slow
Seed Vigor [2]  Medium
Seeds Per [2]  580 / lb (1279 / kg)
Shape/Orientation [2]  Erect
Specific Gravity [5]  0.85
Structure [3]  Tree
Vegetative Spread Rate [2]  None
Flower Color [2]  White
Foliage Color [2]  Green
Fruit Color [2]  Black
Flower Conspicuous [2]  Yes
Height [1]  60 feet (18.3 m)
Width [1]  32 feet (9.9 m)
Hardiness Zone Minimum [1]  USDA Zone: 10 Low Temperature: 30 F° (-1.1 C°) → 40 F° (4.4 C°)
Hardiness Zone Maximum [1]  USDA Zone: 11 Low Temperature: 40 F° (4.4 C°) → 50 F° (10 C°)
Light Preference [2]  Mostly Shady
Soil Acidity [2]  Mostly Acid
Soil Fertility [2]  Intermediate
Water Use [1]  Moderate

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Climate Land Use
Luquillo Biosphere Reserve 8617 Puerto Rico, United States  

Predators

Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat)[6]
Howardia biclavis (mining scale)[7]
Saguinus niger (black tamarin)[8]

External References

USDA Plant Profile

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1i-Tree Species v. 4.0, developed by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station and SUNY-ESF using the Horticopia, Inc. plant database.
♦ 2USDA Plants Database, U. S. Department of Agriculture
♦ 3Kattge, J. et al. (2011b) TRY - a global database of plant traits Global Change Biology 17:2905-2935
♦ 4Wood Janka Hardness Scale/Chart J W Morlan's Unique Wood Gifts
♦ 5Wood Technology Transfer Fact Sheets U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service
♦ 6Artibeus jamaicensis, Jorge Ortega and Iván Castro-Arellano, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 662, pp. 1–9 (2001)
♦ 7Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. ScaleNet 4 November 2009
♦ 8Habitat Exploitation by Free-ranging Saguinus niger in Eastern Amazonia, Ana Cristina M. Oliveira & Stephen F. Ferrari, Int J Primatol (2008) 29:1499–1510
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0