Castilleja salsuginosa is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common name Monte Neva Indian paintbrush. It is endemic to Nevada in the United States, where it is known from two populations, one in White Pine County and another in Eureka County. The two occurrences of this plant are located about 83 miles (134 km) kilometers apart within the Great Basin. There are only about 275 individuals. This rare plant faces several threats, including livestock, horses, pronghorn, off-road vehicles, geothermal development, land conversion, water diversion, and climate change.