Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Canidae > Urocyon > Urocyon littoralis

Urocyon littoralis (Island Fox; island gray fox; Channel Islands gray fox)

Synonyms: Canis littoralis; Vulpes littoralis

Wikipedia Abstract

The island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a small fox that is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California. There are six subspecies of the fox, each unique to the island it lives on, reflecting its evolutionary history. Other names for the island fox include coast fox, short-tailed fox, island gray fox, Channel Islands fox, Channel Islands gray fox, California Channel Island fox and insular gray fox.
View Wikipedia Record: Urocyon littoralis

Infraspecies

Urocyon littoralis catalinae (Santa Catalina Island fox)
Urocyon littoralis clementae (San Clemente Island fox)
Urocyon littoralis dickeyi (San Nicolas Island fox)
Urocyon littoralis littoralis (Santa Barbara Island fox)
Urocyon littoralis santacruzae (Santa Cruz Island fox)
Urocyon littoralis santarosae (Santa Rosa Island fox)

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
2
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
62
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 6.37
EDGE Score: 4.77
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  4.169 lbs (1.891 kg)
Birth Weight [1]  100 grams
Diet [2]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Frugivore, Granivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [2]  20 %
Diet - Invertibrates [2]  10 %
Diet - Plants [2]  20 %
Diet - Seeds [2]  20 %
Diet - Vertibrates [2]  30 %
Forages - Ground [2]  100 %
Female Maturity [1]  1 year
Gestation [1]  52 days
Litter Size [1]  3
Litters / Year [1]  1
Maximum Longevity [3]  10 years
Nocturnal [4]  Yes
Snout to Vent Length [5]  19 inches (49 cm)
Weaning [1]  61 days

Ecoregions

Name Countries Ecozone Biome Species Report Climate Land
Use
California coastal sage and chaparral Mexico, United States Nearctic Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Climate Land Use
Channel Islands National Park II 139010 California, United States
Santa Catalina Island Local Land Trust Preserve   California, United States      
Santa Cruz Island Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve 46021 California, United States

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States Yes

Prey / Diet

Prey / Diet Overlap

Predators

Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagle)[3]

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Angiocaulus gubernaculatus <Unverified Name>[7]
Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm)[7]
Ixodes pacificus (California black-legged tick)[8]
Leptospira interrogans[8]

Range Map

External References

NatureServe Explorer

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 34.4 Island fox, Urocyon littoralis, G.W. Roemer, T.J. Coonan, L. Munson and R.K. Wayne, Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x + 430 pp.
♦ 4Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 5Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 6Resource utilization by two insular endemic mammalian carnivores, the island fox and island spotted skunk, Kevin R. Crooks and Dirk Van Vuren, Oecologia (1995) 104:301-307
♦ 7Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
♦ 8Nunn, C. L., and S. Altizer. 2005. The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An Online Resource for Infectious Disease Records in Wild Primates. Evolutionary Anthroplogy 14:1-2.
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0