Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Fagales > Casuarinaceae > Casuarina > Casuarina equisetifolia

Casuarina equisetifolia (common ironwood; Australian pine; beach sheoak)

Synonyms: Casuarina equisetifolia var. incana; Casuarina equisetifolia var. typica; Casuarina litorea (homotypic); Casuarina muricata

Wikipedia Abstract

Casuarina equisetifolia or Australian pine tree is a she-oak species of the genus Casuarina. The native range extends from Burma and Vietnam throughout Malaysia east to French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu, and south to Australia (north of Northern Territory, north and east Queensland, and north-eastern New South Wales). Populations are also found in Madagascar, but it is doubtful if this is within the native range of the species. The species has been introduced to the Southern United States and West Africa. It is an invasive species in Florida and South Africa.
View Wikipedia Record: Casuarina equisetifolia

Infraspecies

Invasive Species

View ISSG Record: Casuarina equisetifolia

Attributes

Air Quality Improvement [1]  High
Allergen Potential [1]  High
Carbon Capture [1]  Medium-Low
Screening - Summer [2]  Dense
Screening - Winter [2]  Dense
Shade Percentage [1]  91 %
Temperature Reduction [1]  Medium-High
Wind Reduction [1]  High
Bloom Period [2]  Mid Spring
Drought Tolerance [2]  Low
Fire Tolerance [2]  None
Frost Free Days [2]  10 months
Fruit/Seed Abundance [2]  High
Fruit/Seed Begin [2]  Summer
Fruit/Seed End [2]  Fall
Growth Form [2]  Single Stem
Growth Period [2]  Spring, Summer, Fall
Growth Rate [2]  Rapid
Janka Hardness [4]  3200 lbf (1451 kgf) Very Hard
Leaf Type [3]  Evergreen
Lifespan [2]  Perennial
Propagation [2]  Bare Root, Container, Cutting, Seed
Root Depth [2]  24 inches (61 cm)
Seed Spread Rate [2]  Rapid
Seed Vigor [2]  High
Seeds Per [2]  325000 / lb (716502 / kg)
Shape/Orientation [2]  Erect
Specific Gravity [5]  0.809
Structure [3]  Tree
Vegetative Spread Rate [2]  Slow
Flower Color [2]  Red
Foliage Color [2]  Green
Fruit Color [2]  Brown
Height [1]  63 feet (19.1 m)
Width [1]  43 feet (13 m)
Hardiness Zone Minimum [1]  USDA Zone: 9 Low Temperature: 20 F° (-6.7 C°) → 30 F° (-1.1 C°)
Hardiness Zone Maximum [1]  USDA Zone: 11 Low Temperature: 40 F° (4.4 C°) → 50 F° (10 C°)
Light Preference [2]  Full Sun
Soil Acidity [2]  Neutral
Soil Fertility [2]  Infertile
Water Use [1]  Moderate to Low

Protected Areas

Predators

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Criconema mutabile[12]
Hemicriconemoides brachyurus[12]
Hemicriconemoides mangiferae[12]
Hemicycliophora biloculata <Unverified Name>[12]
Hemicycliophora labiata[12]

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
1i-Tree Species v. 4.0, developed by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station and SUNY-ESF using the Horticopia, Inc. plant database.
2USDA Plants Database, U. S. Department of Agriculture
3Kattge, J. et al. (2011b) TRY - a global database of plant traits Global Change Biology 17:2905-2935
4Wood Janka Hardness Scale/Chart J W Morlan's Unique Wood Gifts
5Chave J, Coomes D, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Swenson NG, Zanne AE (2009) Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Ecology Letters 12: 351-366. Zanne AE, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Coomes DA, Ilic J, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Miller RB, Swenson NG, Wiemann MC, Chave J (2009) Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Dryad Digital Repository.
6HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni AND Luis M. Hernández
7Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Jamba Gyeltshen and Amanda Hodges, University of Florida
8Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. ScaleNet 4 November 2009
9Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics.
10New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Plant-SyNZ™ database
11del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
12Species Interactions of Australia Database, Atlas of Living Australia, Version ala-csv-2012-11-19
13Food of some birds in eastern New South Wales: additions to Barker & Vestjens. Emu 93(3): 195–199
14The 'Ura or Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii: its former range, present status, and conservation priorities., GERALD McCORMACK and JUDITH KUNZLE, Bird Conservation International (1996) 6:325-334
15Status, distribution and conservation of the Ultramarine lorikeet Vini ultramarina in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, Marc Ziembicki, Philippe Raust, Société d’Ornithologie de Polynésie, Papeete, Tahiti – December 2003
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0