Plantae > Tracheophyta > Pinopsida > Pinales > Pinaceae > Tsuga > Tsuga carolinianaTsuga caroliniana (Carolina hemlock; Southern hemlock)Synonyms: Abies caroliniana (homotypic); Pinus caroliniana (homotypic); Tsuga caroliniana f. compacta; Tsuga caroliniana var. compacta Language: Chi; Fre; Ger; Hrv, Srp; Hun; Ita; Rus Tsuga caroliniana, the Carolina hemlock, is a species of Tsuga, native to the Appalachian Mountains in southwest Virginia, western North Carolina, extreme northeast Georgia, northwest South Carolina, and eastern Tennessee. Its habitat is on rocky mountain slopes at elevations of 700–1,200 metres (2,300–3,900 ft). The optimal growing condition is a partly shady area with moist but well-drained soil in a cool climate. |
| Air Quality Improvement [1] | Low | | Allergen Potential [1] | Low | | Carbon Capture [1] | Medium-Low | | Screening - Summer [2] | Dense | | Screening - Winter [2] | Dense | | Shade Percentage [1] | 91 % | | Temperature Reduction [1] | Medium-High | | Wind Reduction [1] | Medium-High |  | | Bloom Period [2] | Mid Spring | | Drought Tolerance [2] | Low | | Edible [3] | May be edible. See the Plants For A Future link below for details. | | Fire Tolerance [2] | Low | | Flower Type [3] | Monoecious | | Frost Free Days [2] | 5 months 25 days | | Fruit/Seed Abundance [2] | High | | Fruit/Seed Begin [2] | Summer | | Fruit/Seed End [2] | Fall | | Growth Form [2] | Single Stem | | Growth Period [2] | Spring, Summer | | Growth Rate [2] | Slow | | Leaf Type [3] | Evergreen | | Lifespan [2] | Perennial | | Pollinators [3] | Wind | | Propagation [2] | Bare Root, Container, Seed | | Root Depth [2] | 28 inches (71 cm) | | Seed Spread Rate [2] | Slow | | Seed Vigor [2] | Medium | | Seeds Per [2] | 86050 / lb (189708 / kg) | | Shape/Orientation [2] | Erect | | Specific Gravity [4] | 0.43 | | Structure [3] | Tree | | Usage [3] | The inner bark has been used to make baskets;
A rosy-tan dye can be obtained from the bark;
The bark is a source of tannin;
All the uses listed below are based on the uses of T. canadensis and reports in [46, 61, 82] that this species has similar uses.
Yields a resin similar to Abies balsamea, it is gathered by incisions in the trunk or by boiling the wood;
A pitch (called hemlock pitch), is obtained by distillation of the young branches; 'Oil of Hemlock' is distilled from the young branches according to another report;
The boiled bark has been used to make a wash to clean rust off iron and steel, and to prevent further rusting;
Tolerant of light trimming, plants can be grown as a hedge; This species does not make a good hedge in Britain;
Some cultivars can be grown as a ground cover when planted about 1 metre apart each way; 'Pendula' is slow-growing but makes a very good cover;
Wood - coarse-grained, light, soft, not strong, brittle, not durable outdoors; Difficult to work because it splits easily; The wood weighs 26lb per cubic foot; The trees do not self-prune and so the wood contains numerous remarkably hard knots that can quickly dull the blade of an axe; A coarse lumber, it is used occasionally for the outside of buildings; It should be used with caution as a fuel for outdoor fires because it can project embers and burning wood several metres from the fire; | | Vegetative Spread Rate [2] | None | | | Flower Color [2] | Yellow | | Foliage Color [2] | Dark Green | | Fruit Color [2] | Brown | | | Height [3] | 49 feet (15 m) | | Width [3] | 26 feet (8 m) | | | Hardiness Zone Minimum [1] | USDA Zone: 4 Low Temperature: -30 F° (-34.4 C°) → -20 F° (-28.9 C°) | | Hardiness Zone Maximum [1] | USDA Zone: 7 Low Temperature: 0 F° (-17.8 C°) → 10 F° (-12.2 C°) | | Light Preference [2] | Mostly Shady | | Soil Acidity [2] | Very Acid | | Soil Fertility [2] | Intermediate | | Water Use [1] | Moderate |
View Plants For A Future Record : Tsuga caroliniana |
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1i-Tree Species v. 4.0, developed by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station and SUNY-ESF using the Horticopia, Inc. plant database. ♦ 2USDA Plants Database, U. S. Department of Agriculture ♦ 3Plants For A Future licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License♦ 4Forest Inventory and Analysis DB version 5.1, May 4, 2013, U.S. Forest Service ♦ 5Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. ScaleNet 4 November 2009 |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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