Zanthoxylum piperitum, the Japanese pepper, Japanese pricklyash, or sanshō (Japanese: 山椒) is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree, belonging to the Rutaceae (citrus and rue) family. Natural range spans from Hokkaido to Kyushu in Japan, southern parts of the Korean peninsula, and Chinese mainland. The related Z. schinifolium (Japanese: イヌザンショウ pron. inuzanshō, lit., "dog sansho") occurs as far south as Yakushima, attaining a height of 3 meters. It is also a host plant for several of Japan indigenous swallowtail butterfly species, including the common Papilio xuthus.