Cyathea callosa is a species of tree fern endemic to Luzon in the Philippines, where it grows in midmontane forest. The trunk is erect and about 3 m tall or more. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1-2 m long. The stipe is spiny and covered with scattered scales that are dark and have pale, fragile edges. Sori occur near the midvein of fertile pinnules and are covered by thin, pale indusia. The closest relative of C. callosa appears to be Cyathea spinulosa. It differs in having a greater number of spines, which are also longer than those of C. callosa.