Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ ²Plant/frugivore interactions in South American temperate forests, JUAN J. ARMESTO, RICARDO ROZZI, PAMELA MIRANDA and CARLOS SABAG, Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 60: 321-336, 1987
♦ ³Vázquez, D. P. 2002. Interactions among Introduced Ungulates, Plants, and Pollinators: A Field Study in the Temperate Forest of the Southern Andes. Doctoral Dissertation thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

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